Questions and Answers
What is the disease associated with the 'Tuskegee Experiment'?
What is the causative agent of Leptospirosis?
Leptospira interrogans
What disease is acquired by tick bites and often results in a bulls-eye rash?
Lyme Disease
Which genera of spirochetes is associated with culture taken from a patient with syphilis?
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What is the likely diagnosis for a patient with high fever, shaking, and chills that come and go?
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What is the condition in which T. pallidum can pass through the placenta to the fetus?
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What stage of syphilis is a patient in if they have developed cankers?
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What nonsyphilitic Treponematoses disease might a child in Latin America have if they show symptoms of ulcers and lesions?
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What disease is indicated when a child shares a utensil and shows symptoms of moist patches?
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What disease is contracted from contaminated rat feces and results in high fever and chills?
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What type of bacteria generally causes enteric diseases?
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What is the other species of Campylobacter of great importance besides Campylobacter jejuni?
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Which bacteria produces urease that converts urea to ammonium and bicarbonate?
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What disease is characterized by 'rice water stool' and often requires tetracycline treatment?
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What is the cause of gastroenteritis for a patient who consumed raw oysters?
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What is the most likely reason for a newborn in the NICU showing symptoms of pneumonia?
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What genus is associated with S-shaped bacilli taken from the oral cavity of a bird?
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What family of bacteria are comma-shaped rods with a polar flagellum?
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What is the likely cause of gastroenteritis from seafood if symptoms arise after eating?
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Which bacteria is likely causing a stomach ulcer in a patient with type O blood?
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What disease is transmitted by ticks as an arthropod vector?
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What arthropod vector transmits epidemic typhus?
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What type of infectious material does Coxiella burnetti include?
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What severe infection deforms eyelids and the cornea?
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What diagnosis relates to a male patient with chlamydia and shortness of breath?
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What lymphatic infection can occur from cat clawing injuries?
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What disease is characterized by fever, chills, headache, and a rash that can lead to fatality if untreated?
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What sexually transmitted disease is often referred to as a silent disease?
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What disease is associated with a trunk rash that moves distally and transmitted by lice?
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What disease is caused by small obligate intracellular parasites that can lead to necrosis?
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What do Mycoplasmas naturally lack?
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What are Mycoplasmas resistant to?
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What does Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause?
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What are bacteria called that lack a cell wall and appear doughnut-shaped?
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What are common characteristics of Mycoplasmas?
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What is the new diagnosis for a patient with a urogenital tract infection where the bacteria lacks a cell wall?
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What disease is sexually transmitted and found in urethral, vaginal, and cervical samples?
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What disease can cause miscarriage and involves non-gonococcal urethritis?
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What medication helps diminish symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumonia?
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What is often seen in patients who have gone untreated for dental issues?
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What is the thick layer of adherent material that harbors masses of bacteria on teeth?
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What complex ecosystem contains over 400 species of microorganisms?
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What is the calcified material that makes up the major portion of a tooth?
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What is the final consequence of untreated dental issues leading to serious diseases?
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What procedure is done at the dentist to lower the likelihood of gingivitis?
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What condition results from deepening sulcus and loose ligaments, leading to tooth loss?
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What disease might result from high sugar intake and lack of fluoride?
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Which bacteria are first to grow onto the tooth and cause caries?
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What condition attacks the gums and can lead to bone resorption if untreated?
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What procedure is often done to manage the effects of gingivitis?
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Study Notes
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum and linked to the "Tuskegee Experiment."
- Congenital syphilis can be transmitted from mother to fetus, resulting in symptoms like nasal discharge and bone deformation.
- Primary syphilis is marked by the development of canchres from which fluid drains.
Zoonotic Diseases
- Leptospirosis is caused by Leptospira interrogans, often contracted through exposure to contaminated water or environments.
- Lyme Disease, transmitted by tick bites, often presents with a characteristic bulls-eye rash.
- A culture of spirochetes identified in the oral cavity of a syphilis patient is categorized under the genus Treponema.
Specific Pathogens and Their Diseases
- Borrelia hermsii is associated with Relapsing Fever, characterized by intermittent high fever episodes.
- Yaws, a nonsyphilitic Treponematoses, results in ulcers and lesions, particularly affecting children in Latin America.
- Bejel, or endemic syphilis, presents with skin lesions and is transmitted through shared utensils.
Gastrointestinal Pathogens
- Vibrio cholera causes secretory diarrhea, described as "rice water stool," and can lead to severe dehydration.
- Vibrio vulnificus is linked to gastroenteritis from raw oysters consumption.
- Helicobacter pylori produces urease, contributing to stomach ulcers, particularly in type O blood individuals.
Bacterial Characteristics and Diseases
- Cruciform bacteria are generally Gram-negative and associated with enteric diseases.
- Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus are significant pathogens, with the latter linked to pneumonia in newborns.
- Mycoplasmas are unique bacteria without cell walls, leading to diverse ailments including pneumonia and urogenital infections.
Vector-Borne Diseases
- Rickettsia rickettsia is transmitted by ticks and causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, which can be fatal if untreated.
- Epidemic typhus, resulting from lice bites, leads to a spotted rash and can affect the central nervous system.
- Coxiella burnetti transmissible materials include milk, urine, and droplets.
Oral Health and Dental Diseases
- Plaque consists of bacterial masses that produce acid, dissolving enamel and leading to dental caries.
- Dental caries and gingivitis are common conditions that can result in tooth loss if untreated.
- Streptococcus mutans is a key contributor to the early stages of tooth decay, particularly in individuals with high sugar intake.
Treatment and Prevention
- Tetracycline is effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, easing symptoms of respiratory infections.
- Scaling is a dental procedure aimed at removing calculus to prevent gingivitis development.
- Education on the importance of fluoride and a low-sugar diet can significantly reduce dental caries risk.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts from Microbiology Chapter 21 with these flashcards. Learn about various diseases, their causative agents, and important historical context. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of important microbiological terms and concepts.
