Microbiology - Cannabinoids and Oral Health

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Questions and Answers

What health benefit is primarily associated with CBD products as mentioned in the content?

  • Improved vision
  • Enhanced memory
  • Muscle relaxation (correct)
  • Weight loss

What type of infections might cannabinoids potentially be effective against according to the content?

  • Fungal infections
  • Viral infections
  • Parasitic infections
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (correct)

What factor has contributed to the rise in sales of CBD products in health stores?

  • Perceived health benefits (correct)
  • Increased research
  • Lower prices
  • Legalization of cannabis

What is one of the potential uses of cannabinoids in dentistry mentioned in the content?

<p>To reduce dental plaque bacterial content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products has NOT incorporated CBD as mentioned in the content?

<p>Dental floss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of guidelines and standards is discussed in the content?

<p>Guidelines are not standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of cannabinoids in terms of anxiety, as mentioned?

<p>They have anxiolytic effects. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did preliminary observations compare cannabinoids to in terms of dental health?

<p>Commercial oral care products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of oral myologists as mentioned?

<p>To ensure straight teeth for life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oral product is mentioned in relation to cannabinoids?

<p>Mouthwash and toothpaste. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should any measure of performance be judged against?

<p>Minimum standards acceptable at the time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern regarding the study mentioned in the text?

<p>Authors had conflicts of interest. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of efficacy did the research show compared to chlorhexidine digluconate?

<p>Similar bacteriocidal efficacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional aspect is suggested to be accounted for regarding performance measures?

<p>Practitioner’s justification. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated about the need for future research in this field?

<p>Larger studies should ascertain beneficial outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk is highlighted for cannabis smokers in relation to oral health?

<p>Increased risk of oral candidiasis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum THC percentage allowed in over-the-counter cannabinoid products without requiring a prescription?

<p>0.01% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential oral health effect of smoking cannabis with tobacco?

<p>Risk of thermal injuries to soft tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do higher DMFT scores in cannabis users indicate?

<p>Higher incidence of dental cavities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT part of the five defining features that give rise to non-delegable duties of care according to Woodland v Essex County Council?

<p>The claimant has a legal education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do clinical guidelines aim to assist practitioners with?

<p>Systematic clinical decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of standards in dental care as defined in the content?

<p>To measure existing processes or outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cannabis use have on salivation?

<p>Xerostomia (dry mouth) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cannabinoid products is true?

<p>They can be sold over-the-counter if THC is undetected. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential benefit do cannabinoid molecules have in dentistry?

<p>They may help in targeting oral commensal bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is more research needed on the use of cannabinoids in dentistry?

<p>Current studies have small sample sizes and lack reproducibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the case Breakingbury v Croad related to?

<p>Liability for negligent dental work carried out by associates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some challenges faced by dental teams as indicated in the letter from E. Roberts-Harry?

<p>Pressure from legal and ethical standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the legal status of healthcare products containing cannabinoids?

<p>Their legal status is currently ambiguous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of ‘delegable duty of care’ relate to in dentistry?

<p>The responsibility to ensure proper patient care is maintained. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might the incorporation of cannabinols into dentifrices help prevent?

<p>Periodontal disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pressure is mentioned as affecting general dental practice according to the discussion?

<p>Legal and ethical responsibilities for self-employed associates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

CBD

Cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis associated with various health benefits.

Efficacy of cannabinoids

The effectiveness of cannabinoids in reducing dental plaque bacteria.

Antimicrobial potential

The capability of cannabinoids to combat infection-causing microbes.

Evidence-based guidelines

Recommendations based on scientific research for best practices in dental care.

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Sublingual CBD use

Taking CBD oil under the tongue for fast absorption and effects.

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Health benefits of CBD

Various positive impacts attributed to CBD, including relaxation and anxiety relief.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A type of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics, posing a serious health risk.

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Dental product comparison

Evaluating how cannabinoids stack up against traditional oral care products.

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Antimicrobial

Substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

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Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

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Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer, lacking an outer membrane.

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Periodontal disease prevention

Methods to prevent gum diseases affecting oral health.

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Cannabinoid molecules

Chemical compounds found in cannabis, potentially beneficial in oral health.

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Delegable duty of care

The responsibility that can be assigned to another party.

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Vicarious liability

Legal principle where one party is held liable for the actions of another.

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Oral Myologists

Professionals trained to ensure proper oral posture and alignment.

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Cannabinoids

Chemical compounds found in cannabis, some used orally.

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Oral Candidiasis

A fungal infection in the mouth caused by Candida.

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Plaque Levels

The amount of dental plaque on teeth, affecting oral health.

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Malocclusion

Misalignment of teeth, often requiring orthodontics.

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Chlorhexidine Digluconate

A gold standard antiseptic mouthwash with bacteriocidal properties.

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Performance Standards

Criteria to measure effectiveness in a specific context.

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Conflicts of Interest

Situations where someone has multiple interests, potentially affecting objectivity.

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THC threshold for prescription

Cannabis products with >0.01% THC require a specialist prescription.

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Over-the-counter cannabinoid sale

Cannabinoid products can be sold without a hemp license if THC is undetectable.

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Xerostomia from cannabis

Cannabis use can lead to lasting dry mouth (xerostomia).

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Cariogenic foods post-cannabis

Eating sugary foods after cannabis use can increase tooth decay risk.

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DMFT scores

Cannabis users have higher DMFT scores compared to non-users.

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Thermal injuries from smoking

Smoking cannabis increases the risk of thermal injuries to soft tissues.

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Non-delegable duties of care

Five defining features establish non-delegable duties in dental care.

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Clinical guidelines

Systematically developed statements that assist decisions in healthcare.

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Study Notes

Microbiology - Cannabinoids

  • Health stores are selling more CBD products due to their perceived health benefits
  • Potential dental uses for cannabinoids are being explored
  • CBD is found in various products like creams, teabags, and oils
  • CBD has been found to be antimicrobial against some bacteria (gram-negative and gram-positive)
  • Research on cannabinoids targeting oral bacteria in plaque is limited
  • Small sample studies lack reproducibility, further research needed
  • Current legal status of CBD products: those with >0.01% THC require prescription by a specialist doctor
  • Smoking cannabis combined with tobacco can cause lasting dry mouth (xerostomia), increase risk of cavities, and higher DMFT scores compared to non-smokers
  • There's a risk of oral cancer due to cannabis consumption
  • More studies needed on non-smoking uses of cannabinoids (e.g., in toothpaste/mouthwash)
  • More research is needed to see if cannabinoids are beneficial for those with high plaque

The Practice of Dentistry - Standards

  • Guidelines are not standards (in dentistry).
  • The different pressures on the dental team in the UK
  • The FGDP(UK) Standards in dentistry (second edition) and Clinical examination and record keeping (third edition) were designed to address concerns outlined in a previous letter.
  • Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions.
  • A standard is a definable measure against which existing structures, processes or outcomes are compared.
  • Performance measures must be judged against minimum standards (not aspirational standards) and considered within the particular patient/environment context.
  • The practitioner’s justification should be evident from the records.

Law and Ethics - Breakingbury v Croad

  • Breakingbury v Croad triggered shockwaves in dental practices regarding liability for negligence
  • A retired Mr. Croad was found liable for negligent work performed by self-employed associates
  • Principles of non-delegable duty of care and vicarious liability have been established for almost a decade
  • The Supreme Court case of Woodland v Essex County Council highlighted five defining features of non-delegable duties of care
    • patient/relationship between patient and practice owner
    • The patient is under the care of the defendant
    • Practice owner assumes responsibility for the patient's care and well-being
    • Patient has no control over how duty is performed
    • Duty to protect the patient
  • These features potentially apply to dental work

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