Microbiology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who was the first person to observe and describe microorganisms using a microscope?

  • Joseph Lister
  • Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (correct)
  • Louis Pasteur
  • Robert Hooke

    • What method does Trypanosoma use for movement?

  • Cilia
  • Flagella (correct)
  • Amoeboid movement
  • Pseudopodia

    • Which structure is used by cilia for movement?

  • Actin filaments
  • Microtubules (correct)
  • Centrioles
  • Phospholipid bilayer

    • What is a characteristic feature of protozoa?

    <p>They are generally motile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the arrangement of microtubules in flagella?

    <p>9+2 arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cilia in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Locomotion and fluid movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek use to refer to microorganisms?

    <p>Animalcules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the movement pattern of flagella?

    <p>Wave-like or whip-like motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Lipid A play in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>It functions as an endotoxin triggering fever and inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Mycoplasma bacteria survive despite lacking cell walls?

    <p>By having a flexible cell membrane in balanced environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of osmosis?

    <p>The process of water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding hypertonic environments?

    <p>Water exits the cell due to higher external solute concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do glycocalyces serve?

    <p>They protect against desiccation and aid in adherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the endoplasmic reticulum's rough type from its smooth type?

    <p>Rough ER synthesizes proteins, while smooth ER synthesizes lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of acid-fast bacteria?

    <p>They possess mycolic acid in their cell walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is present in eukaryotic mitochondria?

    <p>70S ribosomes and DNA similar to prokaryotic DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color do acid-fast bacteria appear when stained appropriately?

    <p>Red with a blue background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for classifying organisms into the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is commonly used for the rapid confirmation of Salmonella species?

    <p>API 20E biochemical test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria in the Gram staining process?

    <p>They appear pink after counterstaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a mordant in staining procedures?

    <p>It enhances the retention of the primary stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope provides the highest magnification and resolution for biological specimens?

    <p>Electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ethanol-acetone in the Gram staining procedure?

    <p>To decolorize Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific discipline that classifies and names organisms?

    <p>Taxonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of acidic dyes in microbiological staining?

    <p>To stain the background by repelling from cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Methylene blue as a stain?

    <p>It stains acidic structures such as DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between vitamins and enzymes?

    <p>Vitamins act as coenzymes to assist enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes anaerobic bacteria from aerobic bacteria?

    <p>Anaerobes can grow without oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical reactions are involved in catabolism?

    <p>Breaking down molecules to release energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately defines enzymes?

    <p>They speed up reactions without being consumed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product formed from glucose during glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in cells?

    <p>To create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of catabolism in biological systems?

    <p>To release energy by breaking down molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does chemiosmosis contribute to ATP synthesis in photosynthesis?

    <p>By creating a proton gradient across a membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of fermentation that is useful in making cheese?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is primarily used to identify bacteria through biochemical tests?

    <p>Metabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does photophosphorylation play in photosynthesis?

    <p>It generates ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition leads to fermentation occurring in cells?

    <p>Lack of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is most ATP produced in prokaryotic cells?

    <p>At the cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of oxidoreductases in metabolic pathways?

    <p>To facilitate redox reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a colony?

    <p>A visible cluster of microbes from a single progenitor cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of media in microbial growth?

    <p>To support the growth of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bacterial growth does cell division occur rapidly?

    <p>Log (exponential) phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganism requires low oxygen levels for optimal growth?

    <p>Microaerophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you calculate the number of bacteria using the dilution method?

    <p>N = N0 x 2^(t/g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of growth medium differentiates bacteria based on hemolytic activity?

    <p>Blood agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an isolate in microbiology?

    <p>A single strain of microorganism separated from a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are biofilms in the context of microbiology?

    <p>A complex community of microbes adhering to a surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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