Microbiology Basics

Eukaryotes = Cells with a nucleus Akaryotes = Cells without a nucleus Biotechnology = Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting Recombinant DNA technology = Manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Photosynthetic microorganisms = Contribute the majority of the oxygen to the atmosphere Decomposition = Breakdown of dead matter and wastes Bioremediation = Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants Pathogen = Any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or helminth that causes disease

Microbes living within the earth’s crust = Gas production by microbes Bacteria and fungi living in complex associations with plants and animals = Drives the structure and content of soil, water, and atmosphere Gas production by microbes = Contribution to the structure and content of soil, water, and atmosphere Bioremediation = Restoring stability or cleaning up toxic pollutants in the environment

<p>Bacteria = Cellular microorganism (living) Archaea = Cellular microorganism (living) Fungi = Cellular microorganism (living) Viruses = Noncellular microorganism (nonliving)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Malaria = Transmitted by mosquitoes COVID-19 = Transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosols Influenza = Transmitted through respiratory droplets or aerosols Pneumonia = Can be caused by various microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical microbiology = Deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals Public Health Microbiology = Monitors and controls the spread of diseases in communities Immunology = Focuses on protective substances and cells produced in response to infection Industrial Microbiology = Safeguards our food and water, and involves biotechnology</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of infection through bed nets = Malaria Nearly 2,000 different microbes causing disease = U.S. Top Causes of Death Diseases caused by microorganisms = World Top Causes of Death Infectious Diseases New (e... = (Continuation of text)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell structure &amp; function = Microbial anatomy and physiology Growth and physiology = Study of microbial growth and functioning Genetics = Investigation of microbial genetic material Taxonomy and evolutionary history = Classification and evolutionary relationships of microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>USPHS,CDC, and WHO = Involved in monitoring and controlling the spread of diseases Microbes used to create amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes, and vitamins = Application of biotechnology in industrial processes Aquatic, soil, geomicrobiology, and astrobiology = Study of the effects of microbes on diverse habitats Complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection = Study and application of immunological responses to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reproduce rapidly, large populations can grow in laboratory = Ease of studying microbial populations and growth Can't be seen directly; MUST be analyzed through indirect methods in addition to microscopes = Challenges in directly observing microbes for analysis Only a small minority cause harm to other living beings = Minority of microbes are harmful to living organisms Microbes are easy and difficult to study because = Diverse reasons contributing to the ease and difficulty in studying microbes</p> Signup and view all the answers