Microbiology and Pathogens Quiz

<p>Brightfield microscopy produces a bright image against a dark background, while darkfield microscopy produces a dark image against a bright background. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharing utensils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treponema pallidum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cube (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide structural support to the cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport requires ATP, while passive transport does not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motility and movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darkfield microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracoccus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Light is absorbed by the object, resulting in a dark image against a bright background. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reflection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darkfield microscopy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brightfield microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes with 70S sedimentation coefficient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple diffusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of DNA and RNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion involves transporter proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Group translocation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use ion gradients to drive active transport of nutrients. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plant cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingested aerobic bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts have 80S ribosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long and few appendages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Borrelia burgdorferi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bull's eye rash (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They lack a nucleus and include organisms from the domains Bacteria and Archaea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contributing to nitrogen fixation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic material, cell membrane, ribosomes, and cytoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The genus is capitalized and the species is in lowercase, both italicized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They live in extreme environments and are generally not pathogenic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria are unicellular and also lack a true nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic microbes include organisms like fungi, protozoa, and algae. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell without a true nucleus; DNA located in nucleoid.

A cell with a true nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope.

Defines a cell, separates cytoplasm from the environment, supports structures, and regulates transport.

Movement of substances without energy; includes diffusion and osmosis.

Movement of solutes using a transporter protein in the membrane.

Movement of substances against concentration gradient using energy (ATP).

Transport process altering substance as it crosses membrane, requires energy.

Pathogens use ion gradients and ATP to extract nutrients from hosts.

Passive transport does not require energy; active transport does require energy to move substances against their gradient.

Thick peptidoglycan layer, retains crystal violet stain, provides structural support and protection.

Flagella enable movement and chemotaxis, allowing bacteria to respond to environmental changes.

Eukaryotic flagella have a '9+2' microtubule arrangement for movement.

Infectious agent transferred from one person/animal to another.

Infectious agent transferred from parent to offspring.

Organism spread directly from person to person.

Organism spread through air, fomites, vehicles, or vectors.

Animal, human, or environment that normally harbors the pathogen.

Person who harbors the disease agent but shows no symptoms.

Infections of animals that can be transmitted to humans.

Routes through which microbial pathogens enter the body.

A special oil that reduces light refraction in microscopy.

The product of the ocular lens magnification and the objective lens magnification.

Basic dyes have a positive charge and stain negatively charged structures; acidic dyes do the opposite.

A differential stain that classifies bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative based on cell wall properties.

Includes brightfield and darkfield microscopy, differing by background and object appearance.

The process of enlarging the apparent size of an image.

Bacteria can be shaped like rods (bacillus), spheres (coccus), commas (vibrio), corkscrews (spirillum/spirochete).

Fixation is needed before staining to preserve the specimen and enhance dye uptake.

A system of membrane-bound organelles organizing transport and processing of lipids and proteins.

Membranous organelle studded with ribosomes, important for protein synthesis.

Membrane-bound organelle without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Smaller ribosomes (70S) found in prokaryotes, comprising 50S and 30S subunits.

Larger ribosomes (80S) found in eukaryotes, comprising 60S and 40S subunits.

Theory proposing that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from engulfed bacteria.

Flagella are long and few; cilia are short and numerous, both made of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement.

Spirochete bacteria that causes Lyme disease, known for a characteristic rash.

Microbes with a nucleus, including fungi, protozoa, and algae.

Microbes are involved in nitrogen fixation, vitamin production, and serving as primary producers.

Microbes that can cause diseases, historically significant since the 1850s as disease causes.

The basic unit of life, enclosed by a membrane, contains genetic material, ribosomes, and cytoplasm.

The naming system using genus and species, written in italicized format (e.g., Genus species).

Organisms are categorized into Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, distinguished by cell structure and complexity.

Viruses are not classified as living organisms; they can only replicate inside host cells.