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Questions and Answers
What routine laboratory testing is performed for Treponema pallidum?
What routine laboratory testing is performed for Treponema pallidum?
Which spirochetes are often detected in the hematology laboratory before clinical suspicion arises?
Which spirochetes are often detected in the hematology laboratory before clinical suspicion arises?
Which organism is the causative agent of Lyme disease?
Which organism is the causative agent of Lyme disease?
What is the most commonly used diagnostic method for identifying Lyme disease?
What is the most commonly used diagnostic method for identifying Lyme disease?
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The manganous chloride–urea test is used to identify which organism?
The manganous chloride–urea test is used to identify which organism?
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Which organism is described as a gram-positive, beaded organism that showed partial acid-fast staining?
Which organism is described as a gram-positive, beaded organism that showed partial acid-fast staining?
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What colony characteristics are expected from an organism recovered from a patient with leukemia, according to the provided description?
What colony characteristics are expected from an organism recovered from a patient with leukemia, according to the provided description?
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A direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab showed various letter shapes. This indicates what potential issue?
A direct smear from a nasopharyngeal swab showed various letter shapes. This indicates what potential issue?
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What is the most probable identification of a lactose-negative isolate that tested positive for indole, urease, ornithine decarboxylase, and phenylalanine deaminase?
What is the most probable identification of a lactose-negative isolate that tested positive for indole, urease, ornithine decarboxylase, and phenylalanine deaminase?
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Which agar is the medium of choice for the isolation of Yersinia strains from stool specimens?
Which agar is the medium of choice for the isolation of Yersinia strains from stool specimens?
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Which single test is best for separating Klebsiella oxytoca from K.pneumoniae?
Which single test is best for separating Klebsiella oxytoca from K.pneumoniae?
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Which organism is sometimes mistaken for Salmonella and will agglutinate in Salmonella polyvalent antiserum?
Which organism is sometimes mistaken for Salmonella and will agglutinate in Salmonella polyvalent antiserum?
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Which of the following organisms found in normal fecal flora may be mistaken biochemically for the genus Yersinia?
Which of the following organisms found in normal fecal flora may be mistaken biochemically for the genus Yersinia?
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What could be inferred from a bloody stool cultured after severe diarrhea that shows little normal flora with many non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar?
What could be inferred from a bloody stool cultured after severe diarrhea that shows little normal flora with many non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar?
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Which medium would show many blue-green colonies indicative of specific bacterial growth in a stool culture?
Which medium would show many blue-green colonies indicative of specific bacterial growth in a stool culture?
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Which stool culture result suggests no growth on Campylobacter blood agar?
Which stool culture result suggests no growth on Campylobacter blood agar?
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Which organism is oxidase positive, motile with polar monotrichous flagella, and grows at 42°C?
Which organism is oxidase positive, motile with polar monotrichous flagella, and grows at 42°C?
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What test distinguishes Alcaligenes faecalis from Bordetella bronchiseptica?
What test distinguishes Alcaligenes faecalis from Bordetella bronchiseptica?
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Which organism is associated with immunodeficiency syndromes and melioidosis?
Which organism is associated with immunodeficiency syndromes and melioidosis?
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How can Chryseobacterium spp. be distinguished from Acinetobacter spp.?
How can Chryseobacterium spp. be distinguished from Acinetobacter spp.?
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What color are colonies of Pseudomonas stutzeri typically described as?
What color are colonies of Pseudomonas stutzeri typically described as?
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Which Haemophilus species is generally associated with endocarditis?
Which Haemophilus species is generally associated with endocarditis?
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Which organism would typically be resistant to drying out when removed from the agar?
Which organism would typically be resistant to drying out when removed from the agar?
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Haemophilus species that require the V factor (NAD) are easily recovered on which primary agar plate?
Haemophilus species that require the V factor (NAD) are easily recovered on which primary agar plate?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the motility of Pseudomonas stutzeri?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the motility of Pseudomonas stutzeri?
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Which Haemophilus species is difficult to isolate from genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes?
Which Haemophilus species is difficult to isolate from genital ulcers and swollen lymph nodes?
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What product is responsible for satellite growth of Haemophilus spp. around colonies of Staphylococcus and Neisseria spp. on sheep blood agar?
What product is responsible for satellite growth of Haemophilus spp. around colonies of Staphylococcus and Neisseria spp. on sheep blood agar?
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What characteristic helps identify a gram-negative coccobacillus recovered from CSF of an immunosuppressed patient?
What characteristic helps identify a gram-negative coccobacillus recovered from CSF of an immunosuppressed patient?
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Which plates should be used to identify Haemophilus haemolyticus and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus?
Which plates should be used to identify Haemophilus haemolyticus and Haemophilus parahaemolyticus?
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Which characteristic is associated with strains of Haemophilus influenzae that are resistant to ampicillin?
Which characteristic is associated with strains of Haemophilus influenzae that are resistant to ampicillin?
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What is the glucose reaction typically shown by a small, gram-negative coccobacillus from CSF that is indole positive?
What is the glucose reaction typically shown by a small, gram-negative coccobacillus from CSF that is indole positive?
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Which Haemophilus species can grow on the same plates as other fastidious organisms like Staphylococcus and Neisseria?
Which Haemophilus species can grow on the same plates as other fastidious organisms like Staphylococcus and Neisseria?
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Which organism is most likely responsible for the gram-negative S-shaped rod that oxidizes glucose and xylose and grows at 42°C?
Which organism is most likely responsible for the gram-negative S-shaped rod that oxidizes glucose and xylose and grows at 42°C?
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Which of the following tests is NOT typically used to identify Campylobacter species?
Which of the following tests is NOT typically used to identify Campylobacter species?
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What atmospheric condition is necessary for isolating Campylobacter spp. from specimens inoculated onto Campy-selective agar?
What atmospheric condition is necessary for isolating Campylobacter spp. from specimens inoculated onto Campy-selective agar?
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Which organism is likely susceptible to nalidixic acid based on the biochemical tests given?
Which organism is likely susceptible to nalidixic acid based on the biochemical tests given?
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Which of the following is a common infection associated with the genus that comprises small gram-negative coccobacilli?
Which of the following is a common infection associated with the genus that comprises small gram-negative coccobacilli?
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What biochemical test would indicate a positive result for Campylobacter jejuni?
What biochemical test would indicate a positive result for Campylobacter jejuni?
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Which of the following organisms is resistant to cephalothin, as indicated by the biochemical tests shown?
Which of the following organisms is resistant to cephalothin, as indicated by the biochemical tests shown?
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Which organism is identified as a gram-negative bacteria that displays a negative grape odor?
Which organism is identified as a gram-negative bacteria that displays a negative grape odor?
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What characteristic is most indicative of Bacillus spp. when examining a blood agar culture?
What characteristic is most indicative of Bacillus spp. when examining a blood agar culture?
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Which test can effectively differentiate Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus?
Which test can effectively differentiate Bacillus anthracis from Bacillus cereus?
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For the identification of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus, which specimen is considered the most appropriate?
For the identification of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus, which specimen is considered the most appropriate?
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What is the most likely identification of a non–spore-forming, slender gram-positive rod forming palisades and chains?
What is the most likely identification of a non–spore-forming, slender gram-positive rod forming palisades and chains?
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Given a culture result of catalase negative and H2S/TSI positive, which organism is most likely identified?
Given a culture result of catalase negative and H2S/TSI positive, which organism is most likely identified?
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What would be an expected result of Bacillus cereus on a glucose test?
What would be an expected result of Bacillus cereus on a glucose test?
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What is a characteristic feature of Pseudomonas spp. on blood agar?
What is a characteristic feature of Pseudomonas spp. on blood agar?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Corynebacterium spp.?
Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Corynebacterium spp.?
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Study Notes
Microbiology and Parasitology Review Questions
- Enterobacteriaceae: Gram-negative rods that ferment glucose and reduce nitrate to nitrite. They are oxidase negative.
- Gram-negative rods: Biochemically, Enterobacteriaceae are gram-negative rods.
- Glucose Fermentation: Enterobacteriaceae ferment glucose.
- Nitrate Reduction: Enterobacteriaceae reduce nitrate to nitrite.
- Oxidase: Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase negative.
- Indophenol Oxidase: Some Enterobacteriaceae produce indophenol oxidase.
- Nitrogen Gas Production: Some Enterobacteriaceae ferment lactose and reduce nitrite to nitrogen gas.
- Lactose Fermentation: Enterobacteriaceae can ferment lactose and produce, indophenol oxidase.
- Ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (ONPG) test: Used to differentiate Salmonella spp. from Pseudomonas spp., Shigella spp. from some strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. from Enterobacter spp., and Proteus vulgaris from Salmonella spp.
- Voges-Proskauer (VP) test: Detects acetoin in glucose fermentation.
- Methyl Red (MR) test pH: Positive at pH 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, and 6.5.
- Simmons citrate test: A blue color indicates a positive test.
- Urease Production: Ammonia forms as a result of urease production.
- Indole Production: p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (PDAB) is used to detect indole production.
- Decarboxylation: Lysine, ornithine, and arginine decarboxylation forms ammonia, urea, CO2, and amines, respectively.
- Lysine Iron Agar (LIA): A purple slant and blackened butt indicate Proteus spp.
- Alkaline Products: Putrescine is an alkaline amine product of arginine decarboxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, ornithine decarboxylase and lysine decarboxylase.
- Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase: A positive reaction with Phenylalanine dehydrogenase indicates Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., and Klebsiella spp.
- Shigella, Serratia: Known enteric pathogens causing diarrhea and are considered enteric pathogens.
- Bacterial genera and their characteristic tests: Various tests (phenylalanine deaminase, motility, urease, etc.) are used to differentiate various bacterial genera.
- Gram-negative non-fermentative bacilli: Tests such as catalase, decarboxylation of arginine, and growth on blood agar are used to differentiate and identify them.
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Description
Test your knowledge on gram-negative rods and the Enterobacteriaceae family. This quiz covers important biochemical tests such as glucose fermentation, nitrate reduction, and lactose fermentation. Challenge yourself and strengthen your understanding of microbiology concepts.
