Microbiology and Laboratory Safety Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following practices is specifically prohibited in the laboratory?

  • Using protective gloves
  • Eating food or drinking beverages (correct)
  • Wearing a lab coat
  • Wearing closed shoes

What type of PPE is mandatory in many laboratories to protect the eyes?

  • Gloves
  • Safety goggles (correct)
  • Respirators
  • Laboratory coats

What is one type of laboratory safety equipment used to contain hazardous vapors?

  • Fire extinguisher
  • Autoclave
  • Fume hood (correct)
  • Safety shower

Which waste disposal option should not be used for broken glass in the laboratory?

<p>Regular waste bin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document provides essential information about the safe use and handling of chemicals in the laboratory?

<p>Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of microbiology?

<p>Study of microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists is known as the 'Father of microscopy'?

<p>Anton van Leeuwenhoek (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does abiogenesis refer to?

<p>Spontaneous generation of life from nonliving matter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention was crucial for the development of microbiology?

<p>The microscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What misconception did Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks address?

<p>Microorganisms can spontaneously appear (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the size of microorganisms?

<p>Some bacteria are smaller than eukaryotic cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert Hooke contribute to the study of microorganisms?

<p>Coined the term 'cell' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a microorganism?

<p>Elephant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is commonly used in yogurt production?

<p>Lactobacillus bulgaricus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary uses of petroleum-digesting bacteria?

<p>Bioremediation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscope type provides the highest magnification for viewing microorganisms?

<p>Electron microscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Koch's postulates?

<p>Determining disease causation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fermentation product is commonly produced by yeast?

<p>Ethanol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the germ theory, proposed by Pasteur, primarily explain?

<p>The relationship between microbes and disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essential for laboratory safety in handling microorganisms?

<p>Reading the lab manual before experiments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimen is best observed using a dark-field microscope?

<p>Unfixed and unstained specimens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique is effective for observing cytoplasmic streaming?

<p>Phase-contrast microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of images do transmission electron microscopes produce?

<p>Two-dimensional images (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does confocal microscopy offer over traditional microscopy?

<p>Production of sharper images and 3D visualization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary usage of fluorescence microscopes?

<p>To visualize specimens stained with fluorescent dyes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes scanning electron microscopy from transmission electron microscopy?

<p>It scans the surface of an object rather than creating sections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique requires special preparation, sectioning, and staining of the specimens?

<p>Transmission electron microscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of fluorescence microscopy?

<p>Displays live cellular activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of prokaryotic organisms?

<p>They lack a nucleus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are used to classify microorganisms?

<p>Size, shape, and genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic organisms?

<p>They have membrane-bound cell organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which domain includes organisms with unique membrane adaptations to extreme environments?

<p>Archaea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fossil records inform us about the evolution of life?

<p>They demonstrate that prokaryotes are older than eukaryotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of microorganisms is primarily characterized by the absence of a cellular structure?

<p>Viruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What processes help distinguish different microorganisms at a phenotypic level?

<p>Shape, color, and organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups does NOT include prokaryotic organisms?

<p>Eukarya (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level is appropriate for working with microorganisms that generally do not cause disease in healthy humans?

<p>BSL 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of BSL 3 laboratories?

<p>They require increased training of laboratory personnel. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms fall under the category of biosafety?

<p>Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their toxins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary concerns of the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens?

<p>Guidance on biological agents and their risks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of biosafety levels?

<p>To ensure safe working conditions with biological agents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is BSL 4 required?

<p>For agents that can cause serious diseases with high aerosol transmission risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of BSL 2 laboratories?

<p>Separate building or controlled area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections require special safety measures as outlined in biosafety regulations?

<p>Infections that are life-threatening or highly transmissible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Koch's postulates in microbiology?

<p>They established a framework for linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is primarily associated with the development of antiseptic techniques in surgery?

<p>Joseph Lister (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discovery contributed to the field of immunology as a result of researching vaccination?

<p>The smallpox vaccine by Edward Jenner. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key problem did Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis address in relation to public health?

<p>The need for disinfection protocols to reduce maternal infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept supports the idea that microorganisms are responsible for infectious diseases?

<p>Germ theory of disease. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protective footwear is required in the laboratory?

<p>Closed shoes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of laboratory safety equipment is specifically designed for handling biohazardous materials?

<p>Biosafety cabinets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) in the laboratory?

<p>To provide information on health risks, safe handling, and disposal of chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with broken glass in the laboratory?

<p>Collected and disposed of in designated broken glass containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemicals should be handled with a clear understanding of their storage and disposal requirements?

<p>Hazardous chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic organisms from eukaryotic organisms?

<p>Presence of a nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main domains of life classified in microbiology?

<p>Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we primarily classify microorganisms based on their genetic information?

<p>Genotypic classification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic feature of eukaryotic microorganisms?

<p>Presence of membrane-bound organelles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisms were the first living organisms observed in fossil records?

<p>Bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification method uses an organism's physical characteristics for distinction?

<p>Phenotypic classification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of microorganisms is NOT classified under prokaryotes?

<p>Algae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe a new microorganism's systematic naming process?

<p>Nomenclature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the formal system of organizing and naming living organisms?

<p>Taxonomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for writing the scientific name of an organism?

<p>Genus in uppercase, species in lowercase, both italicized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material is introduced into a small incision to provide protection against smallpox?

<p>Cowpox lesion material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fixing and staining specimens in bright-field microscopy?

<p>To enhance color contrast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interaction type describes a relationship where both organisms benefit?

<p>Mutualism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does binomial nomenclature consist of?

<p>Two names consisting of genus and species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope uses visible light and optical lenses to magnify specimens?

<p>Light microscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In microscopy, what does the final magnification depend upon?

<p>The combination of ocular and objective lenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which committee is responsible for the taxonomy of viruses?

<p>International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the background in bright-field microscopy?

<p>It is lighter than the observed specimen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In microbial ecology, what term describes the waste product of one organism serving as a source of energy for another?

<p>Commensalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification level comes immediately after 'Family' in the hierarchy of taxonomy?

<p>Genus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using an ocular lens in light microscopy?

<p>To provide the viewer's perspective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is primarily associated with the contamination of food?

<p>Foodborne diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about low power lenses in microscopy?

<p>They are designed for observing whole objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required to achieve a brighter view in bright-field microscopy?

<p>Fixating and staining the specimens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a BSL 4 laboratory?

<p>It works with exotic agents that pose a high risk of aerosol transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level is associated with agents that may cause serious disease or lethality?

<p>BSL 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for staff working in a BSL 3 laboratory?

<p>Limited access to the laboratory is enforced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization provides guidance for managing risks associated with biological agents?

<p>Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganisms is considered under biosafety regulations?

<p>Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and their toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biosafety level is typically designed for working with microorganisms that do not generally cause disease in healthy humans?

<p>BSL 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) in laboratory safety?

<p>To offer guidance on safe laboratory practices and waste disposal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of laboratory requires strict administrative controls and containment devices?

<p>BSL 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dark-field Microscopy

A type of microscope where the background is dark and the specimen appears bright. It is used to observe unfixed, unstained specimens, such as living organisms.

Phase-contrast Microscopy

Allows visualization of transparent specimens, particularly useful for observing the movement of materials within cells.

Fluorescence Microscopy

A type of microscopy that uses ultraviolet light to illuminate specimens that naturally fluoresce or have been stained with fluorescent dyes.

Confocal Microscopy

This microscope uses a laser and creates sharp, detailed images by capturing different planes of a specimen. These planes can be combined to present a three-dimensional view.

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Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

This microscope uses an electron beam to penetrate the specimen and produce a two-dimensional image. It requires special preparation and provides detailed internal structures.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

This technique uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a specimen, creating a three-dimensional image. It does not require sectioning like TEM.

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What is Microbiology?

The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, their characteristics, functions, and interactions with other organisms and the environment.

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Resolution in Microscopy

The ability of a microscope to distinguish two closely spaced objects as separate.

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Domains of Life

A system of classifying organisms based on their evolutionary relationships, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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Classification of Microorganisms

The process of naming and classifying organisms based on their characteristics and relationships.

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Prokaryotes

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal organelles, such as bacteria and archaea.

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Eukaryotes

Organisms that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other internal organelles, including algae, fungi, protozoa, and plants.

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Phenotypic Characteristics

Characteristics that can be observed directly, such as size, shape, color, and arrangement of cells.

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Genotypic Characteristics

Characteristics that relate to the genetic makeup of an organism, such as DNA sequences and ribosomal RNA sequences.

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Microbiology

The study of microorganisms, which are living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. These include bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, and yeast.

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Microscope

A microscope is an instrument that magnifies objects too small to be seen with the naked eye, allowing us to visualize and study microorganisms.

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Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is credited as the "Father of Microscopy" because of his groundbreaking observations of protozoans and bacteria, which he called "animalcules".

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Abiogenesis

The theory of abiogenesis proposes that life can arise from non-living matter. This was a prevailing idea for a long time.

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Louis Pasteur's Swan-Neck Flask Experiment

Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiments disproved abiogenesis. He showed that spoilage of liquids was caused by microorganisms in the air, not the air itself.

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Impact of Microorganisms

Microorganisms, though tiny, can have significant impacts on the world around us. They are involved in processes like decomposition, fermentation, and disease.

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Techniques in Microbiology

The study of microorganisms involves various techniques for their visualization, identification, and understanding of their functions.

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Size of Microorganisms

Microorganisms are incredibly diverse in size. Some bacteria are even smaller than the nucleus of a human cheek cell, which can harbor thousands of bacteria.

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Risk Assessment

Assessing the potential dangers associated with an experiment or activity to mitigate risks.

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Lab Safety

A set of guidelines that define the best practices for working in a laboratory to ensure safety and prevent accidents.

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Laboratory Attire

Proper attire for a laboratory setting includes protective clothing that covers exposed skin and protects from splashes. It also includes ensuring that long hair, jewelry, and other potentially hazardous objects are secured.

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Preparing for a lab session

The process of reading and understanding the instructions and procedures for an experimental task or lab activity before starting the experiment.

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Laboratory Manual

A document with detailed information about the laboratory experiment, including the theory, procedures, and safety precautions.

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Prevent Potential Exposure

The action of analyzing potential exposure to harmful substances or situations and taking steps to prevent or minimize exposure.

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Lab Organization

The practice of ensuring that your workspace is organized, cleaned, and free of clutter to prevent accidents and promote a safe laboratory environment.

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Hazard Assessment

The process of identifying possible hazards and risks associated with a particular experiment or activity. It involves evaluating the extent of these hazards and determining the likelihood of an accident.

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COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health)

A set of guidelines for handling chemicals safely in the lab. Includes information on storage, disposal, and actions to take in case of accidents.

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MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

Detailed documents that provide information on the properties and hazards of a specific chemical.

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PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Protective equipment worn to protect workers from hazards in the lab. Includes gloves, respiratory protection, lab coats, eye protection, and footwear.

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Fume Hood

A type of specialized lab equipment designed to contain chemical fumes and provide a safe environment for working with potentially hazardous substances.

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Biosafety Cabinet

A safety feature in a lab that provides a controlled environment for working with biohazardous materials, minimizing the risk of contamination.

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What is Biosafety?

Involves biological agents like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and their toxins, which can cause a range of health effects from mild allergies to serious medical conditions.

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What is BSL-1?

A laboratory safety level that handles microorganisms generally not harmful to healthy individuals.

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What is BSL-2?

A laboratory safety level designed for working with agents that pose a moderate risk to personnel, requiring more stringent containment measures than BSL-1.

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What is BSL-3?

A laboratory safety level for working with potentially serious or lethal biological agents. Requires increased laboratory safety, training and access restrictions.

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What is BSL-4?

The highest laboratory safety level, used for working with exotic and extremely dangerous agents that can be life-threatening, often requiring unique containment facilities.

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What are Biosafety Guidelines?

These are guidelines and procedures used to prevent exposure to and spread of infectious agents in laboratories and healthcare settings.

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Who sets Biosafety Guidelines?

Organizations like the ACDP (Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens) and the HSE (Health and Safety Executive) provide guidance on managing risks in laboratories and healthcare settings.

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Germ Theory of Disease

The Germ Theory of Disease proposes that microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, cause infectious diseases. This theory revolutionized our understanding of disease transmission and led to advancements in hygiene, sanitation, and medicine.

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What is pasteurization?

Pasteurization is a heat treatment process that kills harmful microorganisms in liquids like milk and juice by exposing them to a specific temperature for a set time. This method helps to extend shelf life and prevent spoilage.

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Koch's postulates

Koch's postulates are a set of criteria used to establish a causal relationship between a specific microbe and a particular disease. These postulates help scientists prove that a specific microorganism is the cause of a specific disease.

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Immunization

Immunization, also known as vaccination, is the process of introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the immune system and provide protection against the disease. This method has significantly reduced the incidence of many infectious diseases.

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Endospores

Endospores are highly resistant structures formed by some bacteria, allowing them to survive harsh environmental conditions. These spores can remain dormant for long periods and then germinate into active bacteria when conditions are favorable.

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Light Microscopy

The use of visible light and optical lenses to magnify objects, allowing us to see microorganisms that are too small for the naked eye.

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Resolution

The ability of a microscope to distinguish two closely spaced objects as separate entities. Determines how much detail can be seen.

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COSHH

The control of substances hazardous to health, providing guidelines for safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals in a laboratory.

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MSDS

Detailed documents that provide information about chemical hazards, safe handling procedures, and emergency response measures. They should be readily available for every chemical in a lab.

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PPE

Protective equipment worn to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous substances in laboratory settings. Examples include gloves, lab coats, eye protection, and respiratory masks.

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What is a Microscope?

A microscope is an instrument that magnifies objects too small to be seen with the naked eye, allowing us to visualize and study microorganisms.

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Taxonomy

A formal system used to categorize, classify, and name living organisms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

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Binomial Nomenclature

The two-part scientific name used to identify a species, consisting of the genus and species names. E.g., Escherichia coli

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Species

A group of closely related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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Genus (plural: Genera)

A grouping of organisms within a taxonomic hierarchy, encompassing multiple species.

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Biofilm

A complex community of microorganisms, often attached to surfaces, organized into a structured layer.

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Mutualism

A relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction.

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Commensalism

A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

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Normal Flora

Microorganisms that live naturally on or in the body without causing harm, often providing benefits.

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What are Biosafety Levels (BSLs)?

A biosafety level (BSL) is a set of safety guidelines for working with biological agents in a laboratory, ranging from BSL-1 for less hazardous organisms to BSL-4 for the most dangerous.

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Who provides Biosafety Guidelines?

The Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) provide guidelines on how to manage risks in laboratories and healthcare settings related to biohazards.

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What is the meaning of 'Biosafety'?

The term 'Biosafety' refers to the precautions and procedures taken to prevent exposure to and spread of infectious agents in laboratories, healthcare settings, and other environments where biological materials are handled.

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Study Notes

Microbiology Course Information

  • Course code: ASC_4_489
  • Instructor: Dr. Claire Atkinson
  • Academic year: 2024/25
  • Institution: LSBU School of Applied Sciences

Code of Conduct

  • Ask questions/share comments freely
  • Respect all individuals in lectures and labs
  • The instructor will make the lecture interactive, but students are responsible for making it engaging.
  • Students can ask questions in the Teams site's General channel; the instructor will reply within 48 hours.
  • General questions can be asked via MyAccount.

Microbiology Module Information

  • Defining microorganisms: Understanding the major taxonomic groups and differentiating features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Fundamental Microbiology: Explaining and applying growth of populations, structure, physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, identification, classification, control of microbes (sterilization and disinfection).
  • Microbiology's role in disease and public health: Discuss the significance of microbiology and microorganisms in disease and public health.
  • Pathogenic Mechanisms and Treatments: Developing knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms in microbes and exploring antimicrobial and antiviral therapies, including drug resistance.
  • Immunology and Microbial advances: Significance of microbial advances to understanding health and disease. Understanding basic immunology concepts.
  • Microbiology Lab and Practical Skillset: Recognise and apply microbiological laboratory health & safety and aseptic techniques. Demonstrate competence in standard microbiological practical skills.
  • Data Analysis and Laboratory Practices: Analysing and manipulating quantitative data; demonstrate adherence to lab procedures.

General Information

  • Assessment: Lab book (50%) and MCQ/SAQ (50%)
  • Lab sessions: Conducted in J202. Students will receive a microbiology lab coat for use during labs.
  • Module Mark: 40% module mark; no single component can exceed 40%
  • Lecturer: Dr. Claire Atkinson ([email protected])
  • Platform: Moodle/Teams

Labs

  • Pre-session: Read the lab book and complete the virtual lab
  • Labs Location: J202
  • Lab coat Required: Issued prior to the first session
  • Lab 1: Environmental sampling, staining, microscopy & inoculation
  • Lab 2: Selective and differential growth media, serial dilutions, and viable count
  • Assessment: Via lab book with deadline

Engagement Procedures

  • Provide necessary adjustments (like alternative materials or breaks) in response to disabilities or medical conditions.
  • If there are any difficulties with the module, this should be communicated to the instructor.
  • If a student is pregnant, immune-compromised, or taking immunosuppressant drugs, additional provisions and arrangements may be made; notify the instructor.

Reading List (Core)

  • Madigan, et al. Brock Biology of Microorganisms (Pearson Edition 2019 and 22)
  • VanMeter, K.C. et al., Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional. (Mosby, Elsevier.)
  • Willey, J. et al, Prescott's Microbiology (11th Edition). (McGraw-Hill)
  • Cappuccino, J.G. & Welsh, C. Microbiology: a laboratory manual (2018)

Reading List (Optional)

  • Slonczewski, J.L., et al., Microbiology: An Evolving Science (5th Edition). (W.W. Norton & Co.)

Lecture 1 - Introduction to Microbiology: Learning Objectives

  • Origins of microbiology and microscopy
  • Origins and evolution of microorganisms
  • Microorganism classification
  • Microorganisms' impact on health and disease
  • Microorganism encounters in everyday life

Microscopy

  • Definition: The study of microorganisms, a variety of techniques for visualization & identification; science originated with the invention of the microscope.
  • Types:
    • Light Microscopy - Simple, compound, phase contrast, dark field, fluorescence & confocal microscopy
    • Electron Microscopy - Transmission (TEM) & Scanning (SEM) Microscopy

Abiogenesis & Germ Theory

  • Abiogenesis: Origin of life from non-living matter.
  • Germ Theory of Disease: Microorganisms cause spoilage and decay. Also cause infectious disease. Important figures like Pasteur, Koch, Semmelweis, and Holmes.
  • Pasteur's Swan Neck experiment: Demonstrated that microbes in the air caused spoilage, not spontaneous generation.
  • Koch's Postulates: Proved the existence of infectious microorganisms.

Basic Microbiology Definitions (General)

  • Microorganism: A tiny living organism or microbe that can only be seen under a microscope.
  • Prokaryote: Organism that does not exhibit membrane-bound organelles. Example: Bacteria, Archaea.
  • Eukaryote: Organism that presents membrane-bound organelles. Example: Fungi, Algae, Protozoans, Plants, Animals
  • Virus: non-cellular microorganism that replicates inside living cells

Microbiology History

  • Key figures and their contributions to understanding and categorizing microorganisms

Domains of Life

  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, along with their evolutionary and taxonomic relationships.

Classification of Microorganisms

  • Taxonomy: Naming, organizing, and classifying living organisms.
  • Binomial nomenclature: Rules for naming organisms (e.g., Escherichia coli).
  • Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Applied Microbiology

  • Various applications of microbiology: food production (e.g., yogurt, cheese), alcoholic beverages (e.g., wine, beer), water treatment (indicator organisms), pharmaceuticals (e.g., penicillin, insulin), agriculture, bioremediation, energy, forensics, medicine (disease investigation and causation), & more

Microbial Ecology

  • Interactions in microbial communities (e.g., mutualism, commensalism, synergism, and parasitism).
  • Biofilms: Complex communities of microbes in natural and artificial environments.

Microorganisms in Health & Disease

  • Normal flora vs. pathogens
  • Foodborne diseases
  • Waterborne diseases
  • Airborne diseases

Laboratory Safety and Equipment

  • Risk assessment and laboratory safety guidelines.
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) considerations (e.g., gloves, coats, eye protection, footwear, respiratory protection, etc.)
  • Laboratory safety equipment. (e.g., fire extinguishers, fume hoods, autoclaves, eyewashes, safety showers, refrigerators).
  • Waste disposal procedures. (handling and disposal of hazardous waste, broken glass, etc.)
  • Chemical safety (e.g., handling chemicals, storage considerations, potential risks, and response protocol).
  • Biosafety (e.g., biological agents, laboratory environments, safety precautions, and biosafety levels, e.g. BSL 1-4).

Course tasks

  • Think about what was learned today
  • Read lab books in preparation
  • Create a list of microbiological terms.

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Test your knowledge on microbiology and laboratory safety practices with this quiz. Questions cover essential safety protocols, historical contributions to microbiology, and basic concepts related to microorganisms. Challenge your understanding and ensure you're well-versed in safe laboratory procedures!

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