Human Health and Disease

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What is the primary mistake made by the immune system in an autoimmune disease?

It overreacts to allergens

It underreacts to pathogens

It attacks foreign substances

It fails to recognize self-cells (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a non-infectious disease?

Typhoid

Tuberculosis

Pneumonia

Rheumatoid arthritis (correct)

What is the mode of transmission of Salmonella typhi?

Through insect bites

Through direct contact with an infected person

Through airborne pathogens

Through contaminated food and water (correct)

What is a characteristic symptom of Rheumatoid arthritis?

Joint pain and stiffness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of infectious disease?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacteria that causes Typhoid fever?

Salmonella typhi Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known to affect the nasal and respiratory tract, but not the lungs?

Rhinovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability of the immune system to fight against infectious diseases?

Immunodeficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between HIV and AIDS?

HIV causes AIDS, but not all HIV positive individuals have AIDS Signup and view all the answers

How can the common cold virus be transmitted?

Through contact with infected surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of primary or congenital immunodeficiency?

Genetic factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between HIV and the immune system?

HIV damages the immune cells, leading to immunodeficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of HIV on the immune system?

It weakens the immune system, making it prone to infections. Signup and view all the answers

During the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, what happens to the T-lymphocyte levels?

They drop slowly over time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the last stage of HIV infection?

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an AIDS-defining illness?

Candidiasis Signup and view all the answers

How long does the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection typically last?

Several years Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of HIV infection during the chronic stage?

HIV multiplies slowly in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of NACO in India?

To provide leadership to HIV/AIDS control programme Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of ensuring safe blood transfusion?

Controlling/monitoring testing and reporting of infection transmitted through blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of tumour cell growth?

Indefinite and unregulated cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between normal cell and tumour cell?

Normal cell has contact inhibition, while tumour cell does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of WHO in HIV prevention?

Coming up with several methods to prevent the transmission of HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of extensive angiogenesis in tumour cells?

Blood vessels formation is seen in regions of tumour Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of administering chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment?

To kill cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer is characterized by cancerous tumours of epithelial tissues?

Carcinomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

To activate the immune system to destroy tumour cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation is used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells?

X-rays Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of surgery in cancer treatment?

It is highly effective for treating benign tumors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs?

They kill cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses transfer their genetic material to the host cell?

By injecting their DNA into the host cell nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

To extract a suspected tissue for further examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a benign tumour?

It is confined to the place where it started Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of cancer in which it grows deep into the tissue and may have spread to lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body?

Stage 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of molecular biology in cancer detection?

To detect genes with inherited susceptibility for certain cancers Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the methods used by WHO to prevent the transmission of HIV?

Free distribution of condoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NACO in India?

To provide leadership to HIV/AIDS control programmes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumour cells?

Formation of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using disposable needles in hospitals?

Prevents the transmission of HIV through blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a tumour cell?

Uncontrolled cell division and lack of contact inhibition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting camps for regular check-ups in HIV-prone populations?

To identify and treat HIV-infected individuals early Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of administering chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment?

To kill cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumours are characterized by cancerous growth of epithelial tissues?

Carcinomas Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?

To kill cancer cells using radiations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

To activate the immune system to destroy tumour cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of surgery in cancer treatment?

It is highly effective for benign tumours Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of administering biological response modifiers in immunotherapy?

To activate the immune system to destroy tumour cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses transfer their genetic material to the host cell?

By injecting their DNA into the host cell nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a benign tumour?

It grows slowly and remains confined to its original location Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

To confirm the diagnosis of cancer by examining suspected tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tool used in radiography for cancer detection?

X-ray Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of cancer where the cancer has grown deep into the tissue and has spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body?

Advanced cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of molecular biology in cancer detection?

To detect genes with inherited susceptibility for certain cancers Signup and view all the answers

Human Health and Disease

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mistake made by the immune system in an autoimmune disease?

Which of the following is an example of a non-infectious disease?

What is the mode of transmission of Salmonella typhi?

What is a characteristic symptom of Rheumatoid arthritis?

Which of the following is a type of infectious disease?

What is the name of the bacteria that causes Typhoid fever?

Which virus is known to affect the nasal and respiratory tract, but not the lungs?

What is the term for the inability of the immune system to fight against infectious diseases?

What is the relationship between HIV and AIDS?

How can the common cold virus be transmitted?

What is the cause of primary or congenital immunodeficiency?

What is the relationship between HIV and the immune system?

What is the primary effect of HIV on the immune system?

During the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection, what happens to the T-lymphocyte levels?

What is the last stage of HIV infection?

Which of the following is an example of an AIDS-defining illness?

How long does the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection typically last?

What is the primary mechanism of HIV infection during the chronic stage?

What is the primary role of NACO in India?

What is the primary mechanism of ensuring safe blood transfusion?

What is the characteristic feature of tumour cell growth?

What is the primary difference between normal cell and tumour cell?

What is the role of WHO in HIV prevention?

What is the result of extensive angiogenesis in tumour cells?

What is the primary goal of administering chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment?

What type of cancer is characterized by cancerous tumours of epithelial tissues?

What is the purpose of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

What type of radiation is used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells?

What is the main advantage of surgery in cancer treatment?

What is the primary mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs?

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses transfer their genetic material to the host cell?

What is the primary purpose of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

What is the characteristic of a benign tumour?

What is the stage of cancer in which it grows deep into the tissue and may have spread to lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body?

What is the purpose of molecular biology in cancer detection?

What is one of the methods used by WHO to prevent the transmission of HIV?

What is the role of NACO in India?

What is the result of uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumour cells?

What is the benefit of using disposable needles in hospitals?

What is the characteristic of a tumour cell?

What is the purpose of conducting camps for regular check-ups in HIV-prone populations?

What is the main goal of administering chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment?

What type of tumours are characterized by cancerous growth of epithelial tissues?

What is the purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?

What is the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

What is the primary advantage of surgery in cancer treatment?

What is the goal of administering biological response modifiers in immunotherapy?

What is the primary mechanism by which viruses transfer their genetic material to the host cell?

What is the characteristic of a benign tumour?

What is the purpose of a biopsy in cancer diagnosis?

What is the primary tool used in radiography for cancer detection?

What is the stage of cancer where the cancer has grown deep into the tissue and has spread to lymph nodes and other parts of the body?

What is the primary role of molecular biology in cancer detection?

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