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Questions and Answers
What was the leading cause of death globally in 1900?
What was the leading cause of death globally in 1900?
- Non-communicable diseases
- Infectious diseases (correct)
- Genetic disorders
- Chronic diseases
Which disease caused at least seven pandemics in the past 200 years?
Which disease caused at least seven pandemics in the past 200 years?
- Bubonic plague
- Smallpox
- Cholera (correct)
- Ebola
What major public health success is mentioned in the text?
What major public health success is mentioned in the text?
- Development of public health infrastructure
- Eradication of smallpox (correct)
- Eradication of Ebola
- Discovery of antibiotics
What has the better understanding of infectious disease led to?
What has the better understanding of infectious disease led to?
What is the current classification of organisms?
What is the current classification of organisms?
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotic cells?
Which microbe can degrade perchloroethene into harmless ethene?
Which microbe can degrade perchloroethene into harmless ethene?
What is a characteristic of archaea?
What is a characteristic of archaea?
Which field benefits from the study of microbes and their classification?
Which field benefits from the study of microbes and their classification?
What is the study of disease-causing microbes known as?
What is the study of disease-causing microbes known as?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Which organism is part of the classification of microbes and can exist as both single-celled and multicellular organisms?
Which organism is part of the classification of microbes and can exist as both single-celled and multicellular organisms?
What has influenced the classification of microbes and their evolution?
What has influenced the classification of microbes and their evolution?
What is the most abundant type of organism on the planet?
What is the most abundant type of organism on the planet?
What are non-living infectious agents included in the classification of microbes?
What are non-living infectious agents included in the classification of microbes?
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
What distinguishes archaea from bacteria?
Which statement best describes the role of microbes in the nitrogen cycle?
Which statement best describes the role of microbes in the nitrogen cycle?
What is the primary focus of microbiology?
What is the primary focus of microbiology?
What is the most abundant form of life on Earth?
What is the most abundant form of life on Earth?
Which organism is commonly used in labs for biotechnological purposes?
Which organism is commonly used in labs for biotechnological purposes?
What is the role of Dr. Elizabeth Edwards at the University of Toronto?
What is the role of Dr. Elizabeth Edwards at the University of Toronto?
What would happen if there were no microbes on Earth?
What would happen if there were no microbes on Earth?
Which microbe is involved in monosodium glutamate (MSG) production?
Which microbe is involved in monosodium glutamate (MSG) production?
What is the primary role of most microbes on Earth?
What is the primary role of most microbes on Earth?
How are insulin and bioremediation related to microbes?
How are insulin and bioremediation related to microbes?
What is the impact of microbes on human health and the environment?
What is the impact of microbes on human health and the environment?
Where are microbes found?
Where are microbes found?
What role do microbes play in agriculture?
What role do microbes play in agriculture?
Which domains represent the 'tree of life' according to the text?
Which domains represent the 'tree of life' according to the text?
What did Pasteur's experiments in 1861 disprove?
What did Pasteur's experiments in 1861 disprove?
Which theory attributed diseases like cholera and malaria to poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, rotting vegetation, or molds?
Which theory attributed diseases like cholera and malaria to poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, rotting vegetation, or molds?
Who developed postulates to support the identification of the causative agent of disease?
Who developed postulates to support the identification of the causative agent of disease?
What are examples of Eukaryotic organisms studied by microbiologists, as mentioned in the text?
What are examples of Eukaryotic organisms studied by microbiologists, as mentioned in the text?
What are non-living infectious agents found in the microbial world, as mentioned in the text?
What are non-living infectious agents found in the microbial world, as mentioned in the text?
What are prions, as described in the text?
What are prions, as described in the text?
Which viruses infect all life forms, as mentioned in the text?
Which viruses infect all life forms, as mentioned in the text?
What did Semmelweis and Lister infer contributed to mortality rates when the skin was broken?
What did Semmelweis and Lister infer contributed to mortality rates when the skin was broken?
What did scholars suggest the existence of prior to the discovery of microbes?
What did scholars suggest the existence of prior to the discovery of microbes?
What is the main characteristic of acellular entities in the microbial world?
What is the main characteristic of acellular entities in the microbial world?
What did the acceptance of Germ Theory in microbiology depend on, according to the text?
What did the acceptance of Germ Theory in microbiology depend on, according to the text?
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Study Notes
Microbiology and Germ Theory in History
- The "tree of life" is represented by two domains, Bacteria and Archaea, with Eukarya branching off from Archaea.
- The microbial world is composed of cellular (living) and acellular (non-living) entities.
- The Eukaryotic organisms studied by microbiologists include Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths, demonstrating significant diversity.
- The Miasma theory of disease, prevalent until the mid-19th century, attributed diseases like cholera and malaria to poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, rotting vegetation, or molds.
- Prior to the discovery of microbes, scholars suggested their existence, such as Jain scriptures describing sub-microscopic creatures in the 5th century BC.
- In 1861, Pasteur's experiments disproved spontaneous generation of microbes, supporting the Germ Theory.
- Semmelweis and Lister inferred that non-hygienic practices contributed to mortality rates when the skin was broken, without knowing the cause of disease.
- Koch developed postulates to support the identification of the causative agent of disease, aiding in the acceptance of the Germ Theory.
- The microbial world consists of living organisms such as Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, as well as non-living infectious agents like viruses, viroids, and prions.
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause normal proteins to misfold, found in the brain and resistant to standard sterilization procedures.
- Tobacco mosaic virus and Influenza virus are examples of viruses that infect all life forms, while Bacteriophage multiplies using host machinery.
- The acceptance of Germ Theory was aided by several experiments and factors, including the ability to visualize microbes and the development of postulates to identify disease-causing organisms.
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