Microbiology and Disinfection Quiz

<p>Glutaraldehyde (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stationary phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of more than one dye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It does not eliminate bacterial spores. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenol (Carbolic Acid) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococci (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptidoglycan (B), Teichoic acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptococcus neoformans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly resistant structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex pili (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient accumulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sarcina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hippurate Hydrolysis Test (B), CAMP test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is an antigenic toxin that is oxygen-labile and causes subsurface hemolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile Esculin test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-hemolytic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a source of streptokinase and is beta-hemolytic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scarlet Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile esculin positive and 6.5% NaCl positive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorless (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella Shigella agar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black precipitate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to detect E. coli O157:H7. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorless (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can also be pathogenic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colorless colonies indicate Shigella. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PYR Test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shiny dome-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strict anaerobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram Stain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptococcus mutans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are generally optochin resistant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PYR Test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium alginate tipped swab (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased CO2 levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contain a Neisseria selective medium. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transgrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To inhibit both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Good for both bacteria and viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Campylobacter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A minute, unicellular organism that reproduces by binary fission. It is a prokaryotic cell due to the absence of a nuclear membrane.

The arrangement of bacteria is determined by the plane of division and the position taken after cell division.

A slimy layer that surrounds some bacteria, making them more resistant to phagocytosis. It's a virulence factor.

The cell wall provides shape, protects against phagocytosis, and contributes to virulence. It can be either gram-positive or gram-negative.

The presence of metachromatic granules indicates accumulated food reserves. They are commonly seen in Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Mycobacteria.

Highly resistant structures that enable bacteria to survive harsh conditions like heat, dryness, and nutrient deprivation.

Hair-like structures that contribute to bacterial adherence. Some bacteria have specialized sex pili for transferring genetic material through conjugation.

This refers to the shape of a bacterium. Common shapes include coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spirillum (spiral).

A disinfectant commonly used for spills, effectively killing most bacteria and viruses. It is a powerful oxidizer.

An antiseptic agent frequently used for wound care. It is effective against a wide range of microbes.

A disinfectant that eliminates microbes by disrupting their cell membranes. It doesn't effectively kill spores.

A disinfectant typically used for wound cleansing. It breaks down into water and oxygen, removing dead tissue and debris.

A disinfectant used as a preservative. It can effectively kill bacteria, but its use is not recommended for bacterial cultures, as it can interfere with growth.

A disinfectant used in the stationary phase, to kill microbes while maintaining sterility.

A specialized staining technique that distinguishes bacteria with thick cell walls containing teichoic acid, which retain the crystal violet-iodine complex after decolorization.

A specialized staining technique that distinguishes bacteria with a high lipid content in their cell wall, which retains the primary stain after decolorization.

A type of culture medium used to isolate E. coli O157:H7. E. coli O157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol, resulting in colorless colonies.

A selective and differential medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella in stool samples. It contains bile salts, bromothymol blue, and acid fuchsin, which inhibit the growth of normal gut flora.

A selective and differential medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella in stool samples. It contains deoxycholate, which inhibits the growth of many gram-negative rods and gram-positive bacteria.

A selective and differential medium used to isolate Salmonella and Shigella in stool samples. It contains brilliant green and bile salts, which inhibit the growth of other enteric bacteria.

Non-lactose fermenters (NLF) are bacteria that do not metabolize lactose, leading to a colorless appearance on media like SS agar.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas produced by some bacteria, such as Salmonella, which reacts with iron salts in culture media, forming a black precipitate.

Lactose fermenting (LF) bacteria are capable of metabolizing lactose, resulting in a pink color on media like MacConkey agar.

On some culture media, the color of bacterial colonies can indicate specific characteristics, such as the presence or absences of enzymes like lactase or the production of gases like H2S.

A selective medium used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. It contains antibiotics like vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim (TMP) to inhibit the growth of normal genital flora. It requires incubation in increased CO2.

A selective medium similar to MTM, but it uses different antibiotics to inhibit the growth of yeast more effectively. It also requires incubation in increased CO2.

A selective medium designed to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It contains antibiotics to suppress other bacterial growth. It requires incubation in increased CO2. Can also grow genital mycoplasmas.

A media system including selective media and a CO2-generating tablet within a resealable bag. This convenient system is designed for transporting and growing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It eliminates the need for transferring the specimen to a culture plate.

A selective medium for isolating Yersinia species. It contains CIN (cefsulodin, irgasan, novobiocin) to suppress the growth of other bacteria.

A non-selective medium that supports the growth of a wide range of bacteria, often used for the isolation of Corynebacterium species.

A selective medium for isolating Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It contains tellurite, which inhibits many other bacteria and gives the colonies of C. diphtheriae a characteristic dark grey or black color.

A broth medium used for the isolation and enrichment of Vibrio cholerae. It contains alkaline peptone and provides an environment conducive to the growth of cholera bacteria.

A major virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococci), this protein resists phagocytosis, making it difficult for the immune system to engulf and eliminate the bacteria.

Streptolysin S (SLS) is a non-antigenic toxin produced by Group A streptococci. It is oxygen-stable, meaning it can survive in the presence of oxygen, and causes surface hemolysis.

Streptolysin O (SLO) is an antigenic toxin produced by Group A streptococci. It is oxygen-labile, meaning it is unstable in the presence of oxygen and causes subsurface hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells).

A toxin produced by Group A streptococci, responsible for the characteristic rash of scarlet fever. It's also known as erythrogenic toxin.

A spreading factor produced by Group A streptococci, it helps the bacteria spread by breaking down hyaluronic acid, a component of connective tissue.

An enzyme produced by some bacteria, including Group A and C streptococci, that dissolves blood clots. It helps the bacteria spread by breaking down fibrin, the protein that makes up blood clots.

A skin test used to diagnose scarlet fever. It involves injecting a small amount of erythrogenic toxin into the skin and observing for a reaction.

A phenomenon observed during the diagnosis of scarlet fever. Injecting antitoxin into the skin causes the rash to fade away. This confirms the presence of erythrogenic toxin.

A group of gram-positive bacteria that are commonly found in the gut and can cause infections, often in hospitals.

A test used to differentiate Enterococcus from other gram-positive bacteria. A positive result indicates the presence of the enzyme pyruvate-pyruvate lyase, which breaks down pyrrolidonylarylamidase (PYR) producing a red color.

A type of Streptococcus that is responsible for a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media.

A test used to presumptively identify Streptococcus pneumoniae based on its susceptibility to optochin, a chemical agent that inhibits its growth.

A test used to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae by observing its lysis (dissolving) in the presence of bile salts.

Another group of Streptococcus bacteria found in the mouth, upper respiratory tract, and other parts of the body. They are often non-pathogenic but can cause infections if they enter the bloodstream.

A Streptococcus species that commonly causes dental caries (cavities).

A type of Streptococcus known for its resistance to bacitracin and SXT, and its positive CAMP test.