25 Questions
What is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product?
Gene
Which process involves making an exact copy of DNA?
Replication
Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments and mending gaps in the DNA backbone during excision repair?
DNA ligase
What molecule carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes?
mRNA
What is the process of creating a copy of DNA?
Replication
What type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
Which enzyme is responsible for replicating DNA?
DNA polymerase
What is the term for the process of creating a copy of DNA?
Replication
What carries the coded information for making specific proteins from DNA to ribosomes?
mRNA
Which molecules recognize specific codons and transport amino acids?
tRNA
What is a group of three nucleotides on mRNA called?
codon
Where does transcription begin?
promoter
How many of the 64 codons are sense codons?
61
What is a result of ionizing radiation?
DNA strand breaks
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
initiates transcription
What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
recognizes specific codons
What is the most common type of mutation involving single base pairs?
Base substitution
What type of mutations occur when one or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA?
Frameshift mutations
What is the process of bacteria passing their genes to other microbes of the same generation?
Horizontal gene transfer
What type of plasmids carry genes for sex pili and for the transfer of the plasmid to another cell?
Conjugative plasmids
What type of mutation occurs when a single base pair is replaced by another?
Base substitution
What is the result of a frameshift mutation?
A change in the reading frame of the genetic code
What is the purpose of conjugative plasmids?
To allow for the transfer of genes between bacteria
What type of mutation occurs when a codon is changed to a stop codon?
Nonsense mutation
What is the primary mechanism of gene transfer between bacteria?
Horizontal gene transfer
Test your knowledge of microbial genetics with this quiz covering DNA segments, genetic codes, and more. Practice converting DNA molecules and identifying functional products. Review Chapter 8 of your microbiology textbook to refresh your understanding of microbial genetics.
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