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10

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary energy conservation method in fermentations?

  • Glycolysis
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • Electron transport chain
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)

    • What is the defining characteristic of fermentations?

  • Production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
  • Presence of external electron acceptor
  • Lack of external electron acceptor (correct)
  • Use of oxygen as the final electron acceptor

    • How do fermentative organisms achieve redox balance?

  • By excreting fermentation products (correct)
  • By donating electrons to external electron acceptors
  • By utilizing oxidative phosphorylation
  • By producing ATP through glycolysis

    • What type of compounds allow for ATP production through substrate-level phosphorylation during fermentation?

    <p>Energy-rich compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common in fermentations that provides the opportunity for substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>Production of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is redox balance achieved in fermentations?

    <p>By excreting reduced fermentation products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major challenge in energy conservation for fermentative organisms?

    <p>Conserving much less energy than respiratory organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows microbes to make ATP in fermentations?

    <p>Transferring phosphate bond to ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end-product of the oxygenase reaction on aliphatic hydrocarbons?

    <p>Fatty acid of the same carbon length as the original hydrocarbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of oxygenases incorporate both oxygen atoms into the compound?

    <p>Dioxygenases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial incorporation site of the oxygen atom in aliphatic hydrocarbon oxygenation?

    <p>Terminal carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of methanogens in the syntrophic transfer of H2?

    <p>Use H2 as an electron donor to produce methane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end-product of the degradation of catechol and related aromatics?

    <p>Compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main energy carrier used by oxygenases in aliphatic hydrocarbon oxygenation?

    <p>NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the fatty acid produced through beta-oxidation?

    <p>Oxidized through the citric acid cycle or used to make new cellular material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the inability of the syntroph (Pelotomaculum) to grow in pure culture?

    <p>Positive free energy of ethanol fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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