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What is the primary energy conservation method in fermentations?

Glycolysis

Oxidative phosphorylation

Electron transport chain

Substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)

What is the defining characteristic of fermentations?

Production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Presence of external electron acceptor

Lack of external electron acceptor (correct)

Use of oxygen as the final electron acceptor

How do fermentative organisms achieve redox balance?

By excreting fermentation products (correct)

By donating electrons to external electron acceptors

By utilizing oxidative phosphorylation

By producing ATP through glycolysis

What type of compounds allow for ATP production through substrate-level phosphorylation during fermentation?

Energy-rich compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is common in fermentations that provides the opportunity for substrate-level phosphorylation?

Production of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

How is redox balance achieved in fermentations?

By excreting reduced fermentation products Signup and view all the answers

What is the major challenge in energy conservation for fermentative organisms?

Conserving much less energy than respiratory organisms Signup and view all the answers

What allows microbes to make ATP in fermentations?

Transferring phosphate bond to ADP through substrate-level phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the end-product of the oxygenase reaction on aliphatic hydrocarbons?

Fatty acid of the same carbon length as the original hydrocarbon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of oxygenases incorporate both oxygen atoms into the compound?

Dioxygenases Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial incorporation site of the oxygen atom in aliphatic hydrocarbon oxygenation?

Terminal carbon Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of methanogens in the syntrophic transfer of H2?

Use H2 as an electron donor to produce methane Signup and view all the answers

What is the end-product of the degradation of catechol and related aromatics?

Compounds that can enter the citric acid cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the main energy carrier used by oxygenases in aliphatic hydrocarbon oxygenation?

NADH Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the fatty acid produced through beta-oxidation?

Oxidized through the citric acid cycle or used to make new cellular material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the inability of the syntroph (Pelotomaculum) to grow in pure culture?

Positive free energy of ethanol fermentation Signup and view all the answers

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Questions and Answers