38 Questions
What is the primary source of food for microbes in plaque?
Dietary sugar
What is the result of anaerobic fermentation of sugars by microbes in plaque?
Acid production that dissolves tooth enamel
What is the primary cause of tooth loss in dental caries?
Destroyed dentin, pulp, and nerves
What is the initial form of periodontal disease?
Gingivitis
What triggers the development of gingivitis?
Tartar trapped at the base of the teeth
What is the result of the inflammatory response in gingivitis?
Formation of pockets that separate the gingiva from the tooth
What is the principal function of the digestive system?
To absorb ingested nutrients and eventually excrete waste products
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the GI tract?
Salivary glands
What is the main function of the liver in the digestive system?
To produce bile
What is the primary function of the mucus membrane in the digestive system?
To prevent entry of microbes into the bloodstream
What is the name of the disease characterized by the appearance of holes or pits in the teeth?
Dental caries
Which of the following bacteria is commonly found in the human oral cavity, upper GI tract, and colon?
Streptococcus mutans
What is the term for the sticky, insoluble polysaccharide produced by Streptococcus mutans?
Dextran
What is the name of the disease characterized by inflammation of the gums?
Gingivitis
What is the term for the structures that surround the teeth and are affected by periodontal disease?
Periodontal tissue
What is the primary function of the proteases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis?
To break down gingival tissue
How often should teeth be brushed with fluoride-containing toothpaste to prevent mutans from growing?
At least 2x a day
What are the symptoms of peptic ulcers?
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and black/tar-like stools
What is the shape of the bacteria that causes peptic ulcers?
Helical
What is the function of urease in Helicobacter pylori?
To produce ammonia that neutralizes stomach acid
What is the function of flagella in Helicobacter pylori?
To enable burrowing through stomach mucus lining
What is the function of adhesins in Helicobacter pylori?
To facilitate attachment to gastric cells
Which of the following bacteria is responsible for typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhi
What is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis?
All of the above
What is the symptoms of cholera?
All of the above
What is the primary virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae?
Cholera toxin
What is the treatment for cholera?
All of the above
How is Salmonella transmitted?
All of the above
What is the most common complication of cholera?
Dehydration
What is the primary cause of Shigella infection?
Fecal-oral transmission
What is the epidemiology of cholera?
Cholera is endemic in more than 47 countries
What is the goal of the WHO's plan to combat cholera?
Reduce cholera cases by 90% by 2030
What is a characteristic of Clostridium difficile?
Gram (+) endospore forming anaerobic bacillus
What is a virulence factor of Campylobacter?
Allows colonization and invasion of the jejunum, ileum, and colon
What is the main source of human infection with Campylobacter?
Chickens and other domestic poultry
What is a characteristic of Pseudomembranous colitis?
More than 10 bloody stools per day
How is Campylobacter Diarrhea typically diagnosed?
Based on signs and symptoms
How can Campylobacter Diarrhea be prevented?
Through proper hygiene after handling raw poultry
This quiz covers the digestive system, its structures and functions, and how microbial invasion disrupts digestion mechanisms. It includes the GI tract, salivary glands, liver, and exocrine glands. Learn about the digestive system and its importance in absorbing nutrients and excreting waste.
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