Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of high glucose concentrations on facultative fermenting microorganisms?
What is the primary effect of high glucose concentrations on facultative fermenting microorganisms?
- Increased oxygen consumption
- Decrease in oxygen consumption (correct)
- Induction of the Krebs cycle
- Enhanced aerobic metabolism
At what glucose concentration does S. cerevisiae demonstrate the Crabtree effect?
At what glucose concentration does S. cerevisiae demonstrate the Crabtree effect?
- Greater than 50 g/L (correct)
- Exactly 60 g/L
- Less than 20 g/L
- Between 30 and 50 g/L
During which phase in the biomass propagation process do cells experience high sugar concentrations?
During which phase in the biomass propagation process do cells experience high sugar concentrations?
- Final fermentation phase
- Initial batch phase (F2) (correct)
- Fed-batch phase
- F1 phase
What is necessary to adjust in the fermentor during the biomass propagation process?
What is necessary to adjust in the fermentor during the biomass propagation process?
Which of the following processes is inhibited due to the Crabtree effect?
Which of the following processes is inhibited due to the Crabtree effect?
What is one of the main products obtained from microbial biomass?
What is one of the main products obtained from microbial biomass?
Which organism is primarily used in the QuornTM process for protein production?
Which organism is primarily used in the QuornTM process for protein production?
What ingredients are mixed with the mycoprotein in the QuornTM process for vegan products?
What ingredients are mixed with the mycoprotein in the QuornTM process for vegan products?
What type of fermentation process is employed in the production of microbial biomass under controlled conditions?
What type of fermentation process is employed in the production of microbial biomass under controlled conditions?
What is a key component of the substrates used in microbial fermentation?
What is a key component of the substrates used in microbial fermentation?
Which mineral salts are commonly included in the substrates for microbial biomass fermentation?
Which mineral salts are commonly included in the substrates for microbial biomass fermentation?
How is the mycoprotein processed after fermentation in the QuornTM production?
How is the mycoprotein processed after fermentation in the QuornTM production?
Which of the following statements about microbial biomass is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about microbial biomass is incorrect?
What phase follows when ethanol is exhausted in the yeast biomass propagation process?
What phase follows when ethanol is exhausted in the yeast biomass propagation process?
Which factor is primarily used to control the growth rate profile during fed-batch cultivation?
Which factor is primarily used to control the growth rate profile during fed-batch cultivation?
What is the optimal pH level to maintain during the fed-batch phase?
What is the optimal pH level to maintain during the fed-batch phase?
Why is controlling the temperature important during fed-batch cultivation?
Why is controlling the temperature important during fed-batch cultivation?
What effect does an increase in the specific growth rate have on biomass productivity?
What effect does an increase in the specific growth rate have on biomass productivity?
What is the ideal temperature to maintain during the fed-batch phase?
What is the ideal temperature to maintain during the fed-batch phase?
Which parameter is NOT critical to optimize biomass productivity during fed-batch cultivation?
Which parameter is NOT critical to optimize biomass productivity during fed-batch cultivation?
What is the purpose of optimizing the biomass yield during the fed-batch phase?
What is the purpose of optimizing the biomass yield during the fed-batch phase?
What are the primary substrates used in yeast production?
What are the primary substrates used in yeast production?
Which essential element is mentioned as being poor in molasses?
Which essential element is mentioned as being poor in molasses?
What sugars are primarily found in molasses?
What sugars are primarily found in molasses?
What must be supplemented for fast yeast growth when using molasses?
What must be supplemented for fast yeast growth when using molasses?
What is the Pasteur effect related to?
What is the Pasteur effect related to?
What is a potential negative factor impacting yeast growth from molasses?
What is a potential negative factor impacting yeast growth from molasses?
What process does yeast use to convert sucrose into glucose and fructose?
What process does yeast use to convert sucrose into glucose and fructose?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of molasses?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of molasses?
What role does the presence of O2 play in yeast fermentation?
What role does the presence of O2 play in yeast fermentation?
Which phase occurs at the beginning of batch fermentation?
Which phase occurs at the beginning of batch fermentation?
What happens when the sugar concentration drops below a specific level during fermentation?
What happens when the sugar concentration drops below a specific level during fermentation?
What is a consequence of the Crabtree effect during fermentation?
What is a consequence of the Crabtree effect during fermentation?
What is one characteristic of the exponential phase in yeast fermentation?
What is one characteristic of the exponential phase in yeast fermentation?
Which phase follows the growth lag phase in batch fermentation?
Which phase follows the growth lag phase in batch fermentation?
What is the primary purpose of accumulating reserve metabolites during fermentation?
What is the primary purpose of accumulating reserve metabolites during fermentation?
In what type of metabolism does the alcohol fermentation process generally result?
In what type of metabolism does the alcohol fermentation process generally result?
What does the fermenting power indicate in the context of Oenological properties?
What does the fermenting power indicate in the context of Oenological properties?
Why is high volatile acidity considered undesirable in fermentation?
Why is high volatile acidity considered undesirable in fermentation?
Which factor is crucial for achieving optimal fermentation temperature?
Which factor is crucial for achieving optimal fermentation temperature?
What is the implication of selected strains releasing more than 100-400 mg/L of CO2?
What is the implication of selected strains releasing more than 100-400 mg/L of CO2?
What characteristic of a yeast strain is indicated by high fermenting vigor?
What characteristic of a yeast strain is indicated by high fermenting vigor?
In the context of SO2 tolerance and production, what is a desirable attribute for yeast strains?
In the context of SO2 tolerance and production, what is a desirable attribute for yeast strains?
What outcome does high foam production indicate during fermentation?
What outcome does high foam production indicate during fermentation?
What happens to yeast growth mode during the fermentation process if rapid sedimentation occurs?
What happens to yeast growth mode during the fermentation process if rapid sedimentation occurs?
Flashcards
Microbial Biomass
Microbial Biomass
Microbial biomass refers to the total mass of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi.
Microbial Metabolites
Microbial Metabolites
Substances produced by microorganisms during their metabolic processes.
Cellular Lysates
Cellular Lysates
The contents released when a cell is broken open. Often contain proteins and vitamins.
QuornTM Process
QuornTM Process
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fusarium venenatum
Fusarium venenatum
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mycoprotein
Mycoprotein
Signup and view all the flashcards
Continuous Fermentation
Continuous Fermentation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bioreactor
Bioreactor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fermenting Power
Fermenting Power
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fermenting Vigor
Fermenting Vigor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Acidity
Volatile Acidity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Growth Mode
Growth Mode
Signup and view all the flashcards
Foam Formation
Foam Formation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thermotolerance
Thermotolerance
Signup and view all the flashcards
SO2 Tolerance
SO2 Tolerance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Malic Acid Degradation
Malic Acid Degradation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fed-batch yeast production
Fed-batch yeast production
Signup and view all the flashcards
Biomass productivity
Biomass productivity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Specific growth rate
Specific growth rate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Biomass yield
Biomass yield
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sugar-limited cultivation
Sugar-limited cultivation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carbohydrate feedstock feed rate
Carbohydrate feedstock feed rate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dissolved oxygen control
Dissolved oxygen control
Signup and view all the flashcards
pH and temperature control
pH and temperature control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Crabtree effect
Crabtree effect
Signup and view all the flashcards
Yeast Batch Culture
Yeast Batch Culture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fed-batch process
Fed-batch process
Signup and view all the flashcards
Glucose Repression
Glucose Repression
Signup and view all the flashcards
Industrial Yeast Production Stages
Industrial Yeast Production Stages
Signup and view all the flashcards
Yeast Production Substrate
Yeast Production Substrate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Molasses Nutritional Deficiencies
Molasses Nutritional Deficiencies
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sucrose in Molasses
Sucrose in Molasses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Molasses Toxic Contaminants
Molasses Toxic Contaminants
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pasteur Effect
Pasteur Effect
Signup and view all the flashcards
Economical Viability of Molasses
Economical Viability of Molasses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Yeast Growth Factors
Yeast Growth Factors
Signup and view all the flashcards
Aerobic Yeast Metabolism
Aerobic Yeast Metabolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Yeast Lipid Synthesis
Yeast Lipid Synthesis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Batch Fermentation
Batch Fermentation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Crabtree Effect
Crabtree Effect
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fed-batch Fermentation
Fed-batch Fermentation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Industrial Yeast Production
Industrial Yeast Production
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sterol-deficient yeast
Sterol-deficient yeast
Signup and view all the flashcards
Growth Lag Phase
Growth Lag Phase
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mixed Respiro-Fermentative Metabolism
Mixed Respiro-Fermentative Metabolism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Microbial Biotechnology - General Aspects
- Microbial biotechnology has ancient roots, especially in traditional food processing
- Identifying, selecting, cultivating, and preserving microorganisms (like starters) is fundamental to modern biotechnology
- A Sumerian clay tablet (c. 4000 BC) documents beer brewing, indicating early microbial use
- Barley and spelt were ground, soaked, heated, filtered, and fermented with honey and spices to make ancient beer
- In 1860, Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation is a microbial process, not chemical
- He showed that yeast can survive and multiply in the presence or absence of oxygen
- Later in 1883, Emil Christian Hansen used pure yeast cultures to improve beer brewing, a significant advancement
- The first industrial yeast production was in Austria, 1867
- In 1872, the first grain yeast factory was founded in France
Biotechnology Products - Microbial Biomasses
- Microbial biomass is a readily accessible category of biotechnological product
- Primary use is for animal feed and human dietary supplements
- Biomass contains proteins, vitamins, and minerals
- It can be derived from agro-industrial byproducts or agricultural surplus
- Various organisms, including bacteria, yeasts, molds, and algae, are sources of biomass, with varying protein content
- Quorn™ is a protein source alternative to meat, created from a specific fungus (Fusarium venenatum), combined with other nutrients
- Cellular lysates, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids, and their derivatives are also extracted from microbial biomass for food and pharmaceuticals
Biotechnology Products - Primary Metabolites
- Primary metabolites are crucial for cell growth and reproduction
- Extracted and purified from the cell into culture media
- Often result from anaerobic metabolism (e.g., lactic acid from Lactobacillus, propionic acid from Propionibacterium, butyric acid from Clostridium)
- These compounds are accumulated in significant amounts. Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus produced 130 - 140 g L⁻¹ of L-lactic acid
- Polylactic acid (PLA) - A polymer produced from lactic acid and is thermoplastic, biodegradable, and compostable
- It is used in various applications including fibers, clothing, and food packaging
Biotechnology Products - Secondary Metabolites
- Secondary metabolites have diverse biological activities (e.g., antimicrobials, immunomodulators, antitumor agents)
- Antibiotics are notable examples of secondary metabolites, often obtained from bacteria or fungi
- Statins, with cholesterol-lowering activity, are commercially essential secondary metabolites, derived from certain fungi (e.g., Aspergillus terreus, Monascus species)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fascinating history and fundamental principles of microbial biotechnology. From ancient beer brewing practices in Sumer to Louis Pasteur's discoveries, this quiz highlights key concepts and milestones in the field. Learn about the importance of microorganisms in food processing and biotechnological applications.
