58 Questions
What is the usual color of unpigmented, moving microorganisms encountered in pond water?
Colorless
Which organisms are usually greenish or golden-brown in pond water?
Algae
What color do cyanobacteria usually appear as in pond water?
Blue-green
If encountering invertebrates in pond water, which exercise should be referred to for their identification?
Exercise 7
What is the prime concern in the study of pond water according to the text?
Protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
What is the purpose of the exercise in the laboratory according to the text?
To become familiar with the differences between protozoans, algae, and cyanobacteria
What will determine the extent to which students will be held accountable for the names of various organisms encountered in pond water?
The depth of scope pursued
Which subkingdom includes animal-like protists in Protozoa and plant-like protists in Algae?
Subkingdom Protozoa
What do Protozoa cells lack?
Cell walls
What is a characteristic of Phylum Ciliophora?
Structurally complex protozoans with cilia for movement and food-getting
What is a characteristic of Phylum Apicomplexa?
Internal parasites lacking locomotor organelles and having spore-forming stages
What is the procedure for making wet mount slides?
Place a drop of suspended organisms on a microscope slide, cover it with a cover glass, and record the bottle number if using different cultures
What differentiates Subkingdom Algae from plants?
Lack of tissue differentiation
What is the characteristic of Protists?
Single-celled eukaryons lacking tissue specialization
Which of the following pigments are present in Cyanobacteria?
Chlorophyll a, carotene, and c-phycocyanin
Which of the following algae species are filamentous?
Rhizoclonium, Cladophora, and Bulbochaete
Which division includes over 1,000 photosynthetic microorganisms?
Cyanobacteria in Domain Bacteria
What distinguishes the cellular structure of cyanobacteria from eukaryotic algae?
Pigments not contained in chloroplasts but in granules attached to membranes
Which organisms lack distinct nuclei and have rigid cell walls?
Prokaryotes
Which organisms include Anabaena, Nodularia, and Arthrospira?
Cyanobacteria species
Which organisms produce red tides causing water discoloration and odors along coastal shores?
Some marine Gymnodinium species
Which organisms have chlorophylls a and c, and various xanthophylls?
Microbial Algae
Which organisms are present in almost all moist environments?
Cyanobacteria
Which group of protists displays characteristics intermediate between algae and protozoa?
Euglenoids
What is the food-storage compound in photosynthetic euglenoids?
Paramylum
Which division of algae contains over 6,000 species and stores food in the form of oils and leucosin?
Chrysophycophyta
What are the hard cell walls of diatoms primarily composed of?
Silicon oxide
Which pigment is present in Phaeophycophyta, or brown algae, for photosynthesis?
Fucoxanthin
What is a characteristic of desmids, a unique group of green algae?
Consist of two similar halves or semicells
What distinguishes the majority of algae observed in ponds?
Synthesize starch for food storage
Which group of algae synthesizes starch for food storage and includes diverse forms like Chlamydomonas and Volvox?
Chrysophycophyta
Which group of algae contains over 6,000 species with food storage in the form of oils and leucosin, and the presence of chlorophylls a and c and fucoxanthin?
Chrysophycophyta
Which subgroup of Chrysophycophyta has hard cell walls of pectin, cellulose, or silicon oxide that accumulate on the ocean bottom to form diatomite?
Diatoms
Which group of algae exists primarily in saltwater, has the same pigments as chrysophycophytes, and stores food as laminarin and mannitol?
Phaeophycophyta
Which group of protists include marine species with cellulose walls, bioluminescent properties, and two flagella?
Dinoflagellates
Which division of algae does the majority of algae observed in ponds belong to?
Chlorophycophyta
What distinguishes desmids from other green algae?
They consist of two similar halves or semicells, usually separated by an isthmus.
Which method is used to collect bioaerosol samples in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Air'?
Gravitational settling
What is the purpose of a settling plate in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Air'?
To check the air for viable microorganisms
What is the purpose of a spreader plate in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Air'?
To quantify microbial load
What do sugars in dried grass provide in the Hay Infusion in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Water'?
Food for bacteria and other microbes
What serves as food for the protozoa in the Hay Infusion in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Water'?
Bacteria
What is the characteristic of a crowded plate in the Standard Plate Count method?
TNTC
What does a spreader develop in, in the Standard Plate Count method?
The film of water between the agar and the bottom of the plate
What is the main purpose of the Hay Infusion in the exercise 'Microbial Ecology of Water'?
To isolate and identify protozoa, cyanobacteria, and microalgae
What is the effect of large particles settling in air due to gravitational force?
They tend to settle faster
What is the effect of small particles settling in air due to air currents?
They tend to settle slower
What is the purpose of the buried-slide technique in the Contact Slide Assay?
To observe soil fungi, actinomycetes, and bacteria via microscopy
What is the function of HOAc in the Contact Slide Assay?
Fixes the microorganisms on the glass slide
What is the role of urea and glucose in the Contact Slide Assay?
Urea provides a nitrogen source and glucose provides a carbon source
How can spatial interactions among soil microorganisms be visualized in the Contact Slide Assay?
Soil particles are dark, irregular shapes; fungi have thick filamentous hyphae; actinomycetes have thin filamentous hyphae; bacteria are found as small cocci or rod shapes
What is the distinguishing feature of Phylum Sarcomastigophora?
Move via pseudopodia
What is a characteristic of Phylum Apicomplexa?
Lack locomotor organelles and all are internal parasites
What distinguishes algae from cyanobacteria?
Algae have visible nuclei and chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll a
What is the movement mechanism of Subphylum Mastigophora?
Move via flagella
What is the primary function of STAIN in the Contact Slide Assay?
Stains chitin in fungal cell wall
What is the distinguishing characteristic of Phylum Ciliophora?
Movement is via cilia
What distinguishes actinomycetes from bacteria in the Contact Slide Assay?
Actinomycetes have thin filamentous hyphae, while bacteria are found as small cocci or rod shapes
Study Notes
Microorganisms in the Lab Manual
- The euglenoids, a group of flagellated protists, display characteristics intermediate between algae and protozoa, such as the absence of a cell wall and the presence of a gullet.
- Photosynthetic euglenoids contain chlorophylls a and b, a red stigma, and paramylum as a food-storage compound.
- The Chlorophycophyta group, including green algae, synthesizes starch for food storage and comprises diverse forms, such as Chlamydomonas, Pandorina, and Volvox.
- Desmids, a unique group of green algae, consist of two similar halves or semicells, separated by an isthmus.
- The Chrysophycophyta division, or golden brown algae, contains over 6,000 species with food storage in the form of oils and leucosin, and the presence of chlorophylls a and c and fucoxanthin.
- Diatoms, a subgroup of Chrysophycophyta, have hard cell walls of pectin, cellulose, or silicon oxide that accumulate on the ocean bottom to form diatomite.
- Phaeophycophyta, or brown algae, exist primarily in saltwater, have the same pigments as chrysophycophytes, and store food as laminarin and mannitol.
- Dinoflagellates, a principal group of Pyrrophycophyta, include marine species with cellulose walls, bioluminescent properties, and two flagella.
- The majority of algae observed in ponds belong to the Chlorophycophyta group.
- The diversity of the Chlorophycophyta group is too great to explore its subdivisions in this preliminary study.
- The desmids consist of two similar halves or semicells, usually separated by an isthmus.
- The Chrysophycophyta division consists of over 6,000 species and differs from other algae in food storage and pigment composition.
Test your knowledge of microbial algae and cyanobacteria with this quiz covering their characteristics, classifications, and unique features. From red tides to golden brown algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates, explore the diverse world of microorganisms in various aquatic environments.
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