Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which penicillin combats bacterial infections?
Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which penicillin combats bacterial infections?
- Blocking the replication of fungal DNA.
- Disrupting the synthesis of viral proteins.
- Interfering with the construction of bacterial cell walls. (correct)
- Enhancing the body's inflammatory response.
Lifestyle diseases are primarily caused by genetic mutations and are not influenced by environmental factors or personal habits.
Lifestyle diseases are primarily caused by genetic mutations and are not influenced by environmental factors or personal habits.
False (B)
What distinguishes antiseptics from antibiotics in their application?
What distinguishes antiseptics from antibiotics in their application?
Antiseptics are used externally to kill germs on the body's surface, while antibiotics are used internally to combat bacterial infections.
The practice of drawing blood from people to treat illnesses, which was common in the 14th century, is known as ______.
The practice of drawing blood from people to treat illnesses, which was common in the 14th century, is known as ______.
Match each type of microbe with its characteristic feature or associated disease:
Match each type of microbe with its characteristic feature or associated disease:
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of pathogenic bacteria?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of pathogenic bacteria?
Variola minor is considered a more severe form of smallpox compared to variola major.
Variola minor is considered a more severe form of smallpox compared to variola major.
How did Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections?
How did Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin revolutionize the treatment of bacterial infections?
Diseases that develop over a long period of time and are of long duration are classified as ______ diseases.
Diseases that develop over a long period of time and are of long duration are classified as ______ diseases.
Which of the following is an example of an inherited disease.
Which of the following is an example of an inherited disease.
Flashcards
Bloodletting
Bloodletting
A practice from the 14th century involving drawing blood, sometimes using leeches, to treat illnesses.
Variola Major
Variola Major
A severe form of smallpox causing high fever, rash, and deep scars.
Variola Minor
Variola Minor
A milder form of smallpox causing fevers and rashes.
Bacteria
Bacteria
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Viruses
Viruses
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Fungi
Fungi
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Protozoa
Protozoa
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Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria
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Antimicrobial properties
Antimicrobial properties
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Penicillin
Penicillin
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Study Notes
- Bloodletting was used since the 14th century to treat illnesses, involving leeches to draw blood and capable of sucking several times their body weight.
- Smallpox was the biggest incurable disease in the 1400s.
- Variola Major caused high fever, severe rash, and painful pustules leaving deep scars and is a severe form of smallpox.
- Variola Minor caused fevers and rashes and is a milder form of smallpox.
- Microbes can be good, bad, or neutral to humans, defining tiny organisms too small for the naked eye.
Types of Microbes
- Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms needing food to grow, causing diseases like cholera or anthrax.
- Viruses are tiny infectious agents invading living cells to reproduce, responsible for diseases like smallpox, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV/AIDS.
- Fungi are tiny living things like mold and yeast that can cause infections, growing in warm, damp places on the skin.
- Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms that can cause diseases, some of which are parasitic.
- Pathogenic bacteria causes diseases in humans, animals, and plants and reproduce quickly to produce toxins when infecting the body.
Antimicrobial Properties
- Antimicrobial properties enable a substance to kill or stop the growth of harmful microbes like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
- Penicillin, kills bacteria breaking their cell walls and discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming via mold killing bacteria in his lab.
Non-Infectious Diseases
- Genetic Disorders arise from inherited or mutated genes, including Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell anemia.
- Lifestyle Diseases are caused by unhealthy habits or environmental factors, exemplified by heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and lung cancer.
- Chronic Diseases are long-term conditions developing over time, such as asthma, arthritis, and high blood pressure.
- Antiseptics are used outside the body to kill germs and prevent infections like rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and iodine, cleaning wounds and sanitizing skin.
- Antibiotics are used inside the body to kill or stop bacterial infections like Penicillin, amoxicillin, and doxycycline for strep throat, pneumonia, and UTIs.
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