Biological Classification Quiz: Microbes and Fungi
55 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I (correct)
  • Prophase II
  • Telophase II

Veins have thicker walls than arteries.

False (B)

What is the end product of meiosis?

four haploid cells

The primary function of capillaries is to allow __________, gases, and waste to diffuse between the circulatory system and tissues.

<p>nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each structure with its correct function in the circulatory system:

<p>Arteries = Carry blood away from the heart Veins = Carry blood towards the heart Capillaries = Site of exchange for nutrients and waste Arterioles = Small arteries that regulate blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes macroevolution?

<p>Large scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vasodilation in the human body?

<p>To increase blood flow and release heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eukaryotic cells can reproduce both asexually and sexually.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis?

<p>To produce gametes for sexual reproduction and reduce chromosome number by half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vasoconstriction occurs when blood vessels widen and increase blood flow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes is called _____

<p>prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three types of leaf venation patterns.

<p>Parallel, pinnate, palmate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which taxonomy level is directly below the kingdom level?

<p>Phylum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The equation for photosynthesis is __________.

<p>CO2 + H2O -&gt; C6H12O6 + O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes to their descriptions:

<p>Mitosis = Cell division producing two identical daughter cells Meiosis = Cell division reducing chromosome number by half Prophase = Phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes Telophase = Phase where two daughter cells form</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of specialized plant cells with their functions:

<p>Parenchyma = Storage and photosynthesis Collenchyma = Support and flexibility Sclerenchyma = Support for mature plants Xylem = Transports water from roots to leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth pattern has leaves arranged at different levels on either side of the stem?

<p>Alternate Growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In codominance, only one allele is expressed in the phenotype.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have a single loop of DNA, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and can reproduce both sexually and asexually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phloem is responsible for transporting water from the roots to the leaves.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes a plant to grow towards light during phototropism?

<p>Unequal distribution of auxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and conserves __________ to keep the body warm.

<p>heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant cell is characterized by having very thick and tough secondary cell walls?

<p>Sclerenchyma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of digestion when salivary amylase acts on starch?

<p>Maltose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stomach has a pH level of 8 where pepsin digests protein.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do root hairs serve in plants?

<p>Increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ stimulates cell division in plant stems and roots.

<p>auxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of plant tissue with its function:

<p>Meristematic = Undifferentiated tissue for growth Dermal = Covers and protects the exterior of the plant Ground = Involved in photosynthesis and storage Vascular = Transport of materials within the plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Casparian strip in plant roots?

<p>Force water and minerals to cross the cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In monocots, xylem cells form a star shape.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of lipid digestion by pancreatic lipase?

<p>Fatty acids and glycerol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ cells control the opening size of stomata in plants.

<p>guard</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant tissue forms most of a plant's interior and exterior material?

<p>Ground (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth response do roots exhibit towards gravity?

<p>Positive gravitropism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural selection does not involve any environmental pressures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thigmotropism?

<p>Growth response to mechanical stimuli due to an unequal distribution of auxin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Darwin published his theory of evolution in __________.

<p>On the Origin of Species</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the speciation types with their descriptions:

<p>Allopatric speciation = Speciation due to geographic barriers Sympatric speciation = Speciation within the same geographic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a concept associated with Darwin's theory?

<p>Struggle for existence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Artificial selection is a process influenced by natural environmental changes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meristems in plants?

<p>To facilitate growth through cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>DNA replication and cell growth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cells contain a nucleus.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

<p>Ribosomes synthesize proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cell organelle that is responsible for producing energy (ATP) is the __________.

<p>mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Homozygous = 2 identical alleles for a gene Heterozygous = 2 different alleles for a gene Zygote = Fusion of male and female gametes Phenotype = Physical trait expressed in an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is involved in the breakdown and recycling of old cells?

<p>Lysosome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fungi reproduce using seeds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hyphae?

<p>Threadlike filaments that make up the body of fungi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In humans, somatic cells have __________ chromosomes organized into __________ pairs.

<p>46; 23</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of anaerobic respiration?

<p>Does not use oxygen to produce energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood type AB is considered recessive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define phenotype.

<p>The physical trait expressed in an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The network of filaments formed by hyphae in fungi is called __________.

<p>mycelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cell organelles with their functions:

<p>Nucleus = Control center of the cell Golgi Body = Packaging of macromolecules Ribosome = Protein synthesis Centrosome = Cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Salivary Amylase

The enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose in the mouth.

Digestion

The process of breaking down food molecules into smaller, absorbable units.

Where are carbohydrates digested?

The location where carbohydrates are digested.

Pepsin

The enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lipase

The enzymes that break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meristematic Cells

The cells in the root tip that are responsible for growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dermal Tissue

The outer layer of cells that covers the root.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Casparian Strip

A band of waterproof material that forces water and minerals to enter the vascular tissue through the cell membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Tissue

Tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vascular Arrangement in Dicots

The arrangement of vascular tissue in dicot plants, where xylem forms an X or star shape.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genus

The first part of a scientific name, indicating the genus to which the organism belongs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species

The second part of a scientific name, specifying the particular species within a genus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capsid

A protein coat that surrounds the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a virus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyphae

Thread-like filaments that make up the body of a fungus, growing in networks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mycelium

A network of interconnected hyphae that forms the main body of a fungus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fruiting Body

The part of a fungus that is visible above ground and produces spores for reproduction.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotes

Unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Heterotroph

A type of organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autotroph

A type of organism that produces its own food through processes like photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to produce energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that does not require oxygen to produce energy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus

The control center of a cell, containing DNA and surrounded by a membrane.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleolus

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nuclear Membrane

The layer that surrounds the nucleus, controlling what enters and exits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Golgi Body

The organelle responsible for packaging and processing macromolecules for transport.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prophase I

During this stage of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through crossing over. This process increases genetic diversity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metaphase I

The paired homologous chromosomes line up at the center of the cell during this phase of meiosis I.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaphase I

During this stage of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spermatogenesis

The process of creating sperm cells in the testes is called spermatogenesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circulatory system function

The transport of materials within the body, including oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macroevolution

Large-scale evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time, leading to the emergence of new species and groups of organisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Taxonomy Hierarchy

A hierarchical system for classifying organisms, organized into eight levels of classification.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles, allowing for complex cellular processes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles. Their DNA is a single loop.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mitosis

A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Codominance

A pattern of inheritance where both alleles are expressed in the phenotype.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Positive Gravitropism

The tendency of roots to grow downwards towards gravity, helping them anchor the plant and access water and nutrients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Negative Gravitropism

The tendency of stems to grow upwards away from gravity, ensuring they reach sunlight for photosynthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Thigmotropism

A growth response in plants to touch or pressure, often caused by uneven distribution of the hormone auxin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nastic Response

A reversible plant movement in response to a stimulus, but not directed towards the stimulus source.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meristems

Regions of rapidly dividing cells in plants responsible for growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Apical Meristems

Located at the tips of roots and stems, these meristems cause growth in length.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Meristems

Found in stems, trunks, and bark, these meristems cause the thickening of the plant as it grows taller.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolution

Changes in heritable traits within a population over time, leading to the evolution of new species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vasodilation

The process of widening blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the surface of the skin, allowing heat to escape and cool the body down.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vasoconstriction

The process of narrowing blood vessels, decreasing blood flow to the surface of the skin, conserving heat and keeping the body warm.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leaf Venation

The arrangement of veins in a leaf, which can be parallel, pinnate, or palmate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parenchyma Cells

Plant cells with thin, flexible walls that perform various functions like storage, photosynthesis, and tissue repair.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collenchyma Cells

Plant cells with thickened, uneven walls providing flexibility and support to surrounding cells, often found in celery stalks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sclerenchyma Cells

Plant cells with extremely thick, tough walls providing support to mature plants. They lose their cytoplasm but retain their cell walls.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Xylem

Plant tissue responsible for transporting water from roots to leaves, containing specialized cells called tracheids and vessel elements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phloem

Plant tissue responsible for transporting nutrients from leaves to the rest of the plant, containing sieve tube elements and companion cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tropism

A plant's growth response to a stimulus, which can be either positive (towards the stimulus) or negative (away from the stimulus).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phototropism

The growth response of a plant to light, where auxins are distributed unevenly causing the plant to curve towards the light source.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Binomial Nomenclature

  • First part of a scientific name is the genus (italicized or underlined)
  • Second part of the scientific name is the species (italicized or underlined)

Viruses

  • Viruses contain DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat (capsid)
  • Classification can be based on capsid size and shape
  • Viruses require a host cell to replicate
  • They do not have a nucleus or cellular structures

Fungi

  • Fungi have thread-like filaments called hyphae
  • Hyphae form a network called a mycelium
  • They reproduce using spores often produced in fruiting bodies above ground
  • Cell walls are composed of a specific material

Bacteria

  • Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular
  • Bacteria can be autotrophic (make their own food) or heterotrophic (consume food)
  • Bacteria reproduce asexually
  • Most bacteria have cell walls
  • Can be aerobic or anaerobic

Archaea

  • Archaea are prokaryotic and unicellular
  • They are autotrophic or heterotrophic and reproduce asexually
  • Distinguishing characteristic is cell walls not composed of peptidoglycan
  • Often found in extreme environments
  • Can be aerobic or anaerobic

Cell Organelles

  • Nucleus: Control center, contains DNA, surrounded by a nuclear membrane
  • Nucleolus: Produces ribosomes, dense structure in the nucleus
  • Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds and protects the nucleus, with pores for regulation
  • Centrosome: Involved in cell division, protecting microtubules
  • Cell Membrane: External layer, semi-permeable, separating internal/external environments, regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell
  • Golgi Body: Packages molecules, uses vesicles in transport
  • Mitochondria: Produces energy (ATP) through aerobic respiration, using oxygen and glucose.
  • Vacuole: Involved in digestion, waste removal, nutrient storage, and transportation

Cell Cycle

  • Cell cycle includes interphase (G1, S, G2) and division (mitosis/cytokinesis)
  • Interphase is the growth and preparation phase (DNA replication)
  • Mitosis is the division of the cell's nucleus, ensuring identical genetic material
  • Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm

Cell Cycle: Mitosis

  • Prophase: Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nuclear membrane breaks down, nucleolus disappears, spindle fibers form.
  • Metaphase: Spindle fibers align chromosomes along the cell's equator
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
  • Telophase: Nuclear membranes reform around separated chromosomes, spindle fibers break down, chromosomes decondense.

Other Key Concepts

  • Phenotype: Observable characteristics of an organism
  • Genotype: Genetic makeup of an organism
  • Allele: Variations of a gene (ex: different eye colors or blood type traits)
  • Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a gene
  • Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a gene
  • Zygote: Cell formed by fusion of gametes (sperm and egg)
  • Homologous Structures: Chromosomes that carry the same genes in the same location
  • Somatic cell: Body Cell
  • Gamete: Reproductive cell

Blood Types

  • Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells.
  • Inheritance of blood types involves more than one allele (multiple alleles)
  • Blood type alleles (A, B, and O) can exhibit codominance (both A and B are expressed if present)

Enzyme Classifications

  • Amylase: Digest starches (salivary, pancreatic)
  • Protease: Digest proteins (stomach, pancreatic)

Plant Structures and Function

  • Roots: Anchor plant and absorb water and nutrients
  • Stems: Support plants and transport materials
  • Leaves: Photosynthesis and gas exchange

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Bio Exam Review 2024 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and archaea. This quiz covers key characteristics, replication methods, and structural components of these life forms. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of microbial taxonomy.

More Like This

Microbial Classification and Identification Quiz
26 questions

Microbial Classification and Identification Quiz

SmilingBoolean avatar
SmilingBoolean
Microbial World Chapter 01
8 questions

Microbial World Chapter 01

GladLepidolite6058 avatar
GladLepidolite6058
Microbial Classification and Taxonomy
44 questions

Microbial Classification and Taxonomy

MonumentalComposite avatar
MonumentalComposite
Introduction to Medical Microbiology
10 questions

Introduction to Medical Microbiology

BrighterSelenium8714 avatar
BrighterSelenium8714
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser