45 Questions
Which of the following is a type of microbe that may naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without any sign of illness?
All of the following
Where can microbes be found in the environment? Except
Equipment and tools
Which of the following is true about pathogenic microbes?
They cause illness in most humans if introduced into sterile tissue
What is the role of bacterial flora in the gut?
Decomposition of food substances
Which of the following is true about opportunistic microbes?
They may cause problems in people with reduced immune defense
What is the normal condition of bacteria in the gut?
Large amounts of bacteria
What may cause chronic devastating diseases?
Both drug-resistant bacteria and highly pathogenic viruses
What is the relationship between humans and microbes?
Humans and microbes have a symbiotic relationship
Which of the following is true about the transmission of microbes?
Microbes can be transmitted between living species
Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the biosafety level of a laboratory?
Transmissibility , All of the following
What are Biosafety Levels (BSLs)?
Each level has specific controls for containment of microbes and biological agents
How many biosafety levels are there?
4
What is the primary purpose of biosafety?
All of the above
What is the importance of route of exposure in determining biosafety levels?
determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important.
What do all microbiology laboratories, regardless of biosafety level, follow?
Standard microbiological practices
Which of the following is NOT a specific containment control required for each biosafety level?
Infectivity
What do biosafety levels build on?
Controls of the previous level
Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in determining the level of containment for a microbe or biological agent?
Laboratory practices
Which of the following is a characteristic of high-risk microorganisms?
They can be readily transmitted from one individual to another
Which of the following is a factor that influences the mode of transmission for pathogenic microbes?
Standards of environmental hygiene, All of the following
Which of the following is an example of a biological Safety level-4 (BSL-4)?
Ebola virus & Marburg Viruses
What is the classification of microorganisms that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease?
Risk Group 1
What is the highest level of infection protection for high-risk microorganisms?
Biosafety Level 4
Where do dangerous microbes occur as a problem mostly?
Countries with low hygiene standards/high population density
What is essential for stopping the spread of infections?
Proper hygiene and good infection control
Match the biosafety levels with their corresponding descriptions:
BSL-1 = Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults BSL-2 = Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment BSL-3 = Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases BSL-4 = Required for work with dangerous and exotic agents which pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease
Match the following factors with their relevance to biosafety levels:
Infectivity = The ability of a biological agent to enter, survive and multiply in the host Severity of disease = The degree of harm that a pathogen may cause in the host Transmissibility = The ability of a pathogen to spread from one individual to others Nature of work = The type of activities performed in the laboratory
Match the following containment controls with their descriptions:
Laboratory practices = The procedures and protocols followed in the laboratory Safety equipment = The protective gear and tools used to ensure safety in the laboratory Facility construction = The design and structure of the laboratory, including safety features and containment facilities
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Normal, Nonpathogenic Flora = Microbes that naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without causing illness Pathogenic Microbes = Microbes that cause illness when introduced into sterile tissue Opportunistic Microbes = Microbes that may cause problems in people with reduced immune defense Free-living Microbes = Microbes that live in the environment as part of the normal microbial flora on the Earth
Match the following microbes with their potential effects:
Drug-resistant bacteria = More dangerous than other microbes Highly pathogenic viruses = Potentially more dangerous than other microbes Human gut bacteria = Participates in the decomposition of food substances to energy and growth Microbes on skin = Normal condition, not necessarily causing illness
Match the following facts about microbes:
Existence of humans and animals = Dependent on a rich and active bacterial flora in the gut Large amounts of bacteria in the gut and on the skin = A normal condition Humans = Pick up new microbes from the environment
Match the following microbes with their preselected locations in the host:
Influenza virus, pneumococci and tuberculosis = Lungs Hepatitis viruses = Liver and blood Clostridium difficile and norovirus = Gut Coagulase negative staphylococci = Skin
Match the following risk groups with their corresponding characteristics:
Risk Group 1 = Microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease Risk Group 2 = Pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment Risk Group 3 = Pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another Risk Group 4 = Pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly
Match the following factors with their respective influence on the classification of microorganisms by risk group:
Pathogenicity of the organism = Influences the severity of the disease caused by the organism Mode of transmission and host range of the organism = Influences the spread of the disease caused by the organism Local availability of effective preventive measures = Influences the ability to prevent the disease caused by the organism Local availability of effective treatment = Influences the ability to treat the disease caused by the organism
Match the following factors with their respective influence on the spread of pathogenic microbes:
Increased mobility, climatic changes, overcrowding, war and disasters = Increases the transmission rate Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs, proper hygiene and good infection control = Essential for stopping spread of infections Contaminated equipment and environment = Common transmission routes Drug-resistant microbes and/or resistance genes = Common on the global food market for humans, animals and fish
Biosafety levels range from BSL1 to BSL-4.
True
Each biosafety level builds on the controls of the level after it.
False
All microbiology laboratories, regardless of biosafety level, follow standard microbiological practices.
True
True or false: Pathogenic microbes can survive for a long time outside the human body.
True
True or false: Drug-resistant bacteria and highly pathogenic viruses are less dangerous than other agents.
False
True or false: Risk Group 3 microorganisms usually spread from one infected individual to another.
False
True or false: Risk Group 4 microorganisms can be readily transmitted from one individual to another.
True
True or false: Microbes like bacteria, virus, parasites and fungi may naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without any sign of illness, for a longer or shorter period, in all humans, animals, fish, parasites, plants and all other living beings.
True
True or false: Most microbes that are free-living in the environment are dangerous and can cause illness.
False
True or false: Pathogenic microbes cause illness in all humans, regardless of their immune defense or the amount introduced into sterile tissue.
False
Test your knowledge on high-risk microbes and their transmission with this quiz. Explore different routes of transmission and learn about the survival of microbes outside the body. Discover examples of microbes in various body systems and understand the concept of normal, nonpathogenic flora. Challenge yourself to identify different types of microbes, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
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