Microbe Transmission and Survival
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a type of microbe that may naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without any sign of illness?

  • Virus
  • ParasiteØŒ Fungi
  • All of the following (correct)
  • Bacteria

Where can microbes be found in the environment? Except

  • Water, soil, and air
  • Plants and animals
  • Equipment and tools (correct)
  • All of the above

Which of the following is true about pathogenic microbes?

  • They are harmless to humans
  • They cause illness in most humans if introduced into sterile tissue (correct)
  • They only affect animals
  • They cause illness in all humans

What is the role of bacterial flora in the gut?

<p>Decomposition of food substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about opportunistic microbes?

<p>They may cause problems in people with reduced immune defense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal condition of bacteria in the gut?

<p>Large amounts of bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may cause chronic devastating diseases?

<p>Both drug-resistant bacteria and highly pathogenic viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between humans and microbes?

<p>Humans and microbes have a symbiotic relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the transmission of microbes?

<p>Microbes can be transmitted between living species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the biosafety level of a laboratory?

<p>Transmissibility , All of the following (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Biosafety Levels (BSLs)?

<p>Each level has specific controls for containment of microbes and biological agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many biosafety levels are there?

<p>4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of biosafety?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of route of exposure in determining biosafety levels?

<p>determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do all microbiology laboratories, regardless of biosafety level, follow?

<p>Standard microbiological practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific containment control required for each biosafety level?

<p>Infectivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do biosafety levels build on?

<p>Controls of the previous level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor considered in determining the level of containment for a microbe or biological agent?

<p>Laboratory practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of high-risk microorganisms?

<p>They can be readily transmitted from one individual to another (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that influences the mode of transmission for pathogenic microbes?

<p>Standards of environmental hygiene, All of the following (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological Safety level-4 (BSL-4)?

<p>Ebola virus &amp; Marburg Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of microorganisms that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease?

<p>Risk Group 1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level of infection protection for high-risk microorganisms?

<p>Biosafety Level 4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do dangerous microbes occur as a problem mostly?

<p>Countries with low hygiene standards/high population density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for stopping the spread of infections?

<p>Proper hygiene and good infection control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biosafety levels with their corresponding descriptions:

<p>BSL-1 = Suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adults BSL-2 = Suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment BSL-3 = Suitable for work with infectious agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal diseases BSL-4 = Required for work with dangerous and exotic agents which pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their relevance to biosafety levels:

<p>Infectivity = The ability of a biological agent to enter, survive and multiply in the host Severity of disease = The degree of harm that a pathogen may cause in the host Transmissibility = The ability of a pathogen to spread from one individual to others Nature of work = The type of activities performed in the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following containment controls with their descriptions:

<p>Laboratory practices = The procedures and protocols followed in the laboratory Safety equipment = The protective gear and tools used to ensure safety in the laboratory Facility construction = The design and structure of the laboratory, including safety features and containment facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Normal, Nonpathogenic Flora = Microbes that naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without causing illness Pathogenic Microbes = Microbes that cause illness when introduced into sterile tissue Opportunistic Microbes = Microbes that may cause problems in people with reduced immune defense Free-living Microbes = Microbes that live in the environment as part of the normal microbial flora on the Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microbes with their potential effects:

<p>Drug-resistant bacteria = More dangerous than other microbes Highly pathogenic viruses = Potentially more dangerous than other microbes Human gut bacteria = Participates in the decomposition of food substances to energy and growth Microbes on skin = Normal condition, not necessarily causing illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following facts about microbes:

<p>Existence of humans and animals = Dependent on a rich and active bacterial flora in the gut Large amounts of bacteria in the gut and on the skin = A normal condition Humans = Pick up new microbes from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following microbes with their preselected locations in the host:

<p>Influenza virus, pneumococci and tuberculosis = Lungs Hepatitis viruses = Liver and blood Clostridium difficile and norovirus = Gut Coagulase negative staphylococci = Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following risk groups with their corresponding characteristics:

<p>Risk Group 1 = Microorganism that is unlikely to cause human or animal disease Risk Group 2 = Pathogen that can cause human or animal disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to laboratory workers, the community, livestock or the environment Risk Group 3 = Pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease but does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another Risk Group 4 = Pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease and that can be readily transmitted from one individual to another, directly or indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their respective influence on the classification of microorganisms by risk group:

<p>Pathogenicity of the organism = Influences the severity of the disease caused by the organism Mode of transmission and host range of the organism = Influences the spread of the disease caused by the organism Local availability of effective preventive measures = Influences the ability to prevent the disease caused by the organism Local availability of effective treatment = Influences the ability to treat the disease caused by the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their respective influence on the spread of pathogenic microbes:

<p>Increased mobility, climatic changes, overcrowding, war and disasters = Increases the transmission rate Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs, proper hygiene and good infection control = Essential for stopping spread of infections Contaminated equipment and environment = Common transmission routes Drug-resistant microbes and/or resistance genes = Common on the global food market for humans, animals and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biosafety levels range from BSL1 to BSL-4.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each biosafety level builds on the controls of the level after it.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All microbiology laboratories, regardless of biosafety level, follow standard microbiological practices.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pathogenic microbes can survive for a long time outside the human body.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Drug-resistant bacteria and highly pathogenic viruses are less dangerous than other agents.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Risk Group 3 microorganisms usually spread from one infected individual to another.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Risk Group 4 microorganisms can be readily transmitted from one individual to another.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Microbes like bacteria, virus, parasites and fungi may naturally colonize skin and mucous membranes without any sign of illness, for a longer or shorter period, in all humans, animals, fish, parasites, plants and all other living beings.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Most microbes that are free-living in the environment are dangerous and can cause illness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Pathogenic microbes cause illness in all humans, regardless of their immune defense or the amount introduced into sterile tissue.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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