62 Questions
What is the term for a stem cell that has the ability to give rise to all cell types in an organism?
Totipotent
During embryonic development, what is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?
Cleavage
What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?
Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
What is the term for substances or agents that can induce birth defects?
Teratogens
What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?
Gastrulation
What is the primary function of the notochord during embryonic development?
Providing direction for the vertebral column and inducing ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm
Which of the following germ layers gives rise to the nervous system?
Ectoderm
What is the term for any agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?
Teratogen
During which period is the embryo most susceptible to teratogens?
Early embryonic development during organ and limb development
What is the correct sequence of events during neural tube formation?
Neural ectoderm thickens, neural folds dip down, neural folds contact, neural ectoderm cells rearrange
What is the term for self-renewing cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated?
Stem cells
What is the primary function of the primitive streak during embryonic development?
Determining the position of the head and tail
Which of the following structures is derived from the mesoderm?
Connective tissues
What is the process by which a unicellular zygote divides to become a multicellular embryo?
Cleavage
What is the term for the compact ball of cells that forms within the zona pellucida?
Morula
What is the correct sequence of events during gastrulation?
Formation of notochord, primitive node, and primitive streak, migration path of cranial, lateral, and caudal mesoderm
What is the term for the process by which the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida and develops a cavity called the blastocoele?
Blastulation
What is the term for the process that establishes all three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst and will expand to form extraembryonic membranes?
Trophectoderm
What is the term for the process by which the embryo establishes its dorsoventral axis?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the thickening of the epiblast, which establishes the cranio-caudal axis?
Cranial primitive streak
What is the basis for the central nervous system?
Ectoderm
What is the term for the process of formation of somites?
Somitogenesis
What are the three main components of a somite?
Sclerotome, Myotome, Dermotome
What is the role of the notochord?
Provides direction and contributes to the formation of the vertebral column
What is the term for the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?
Splanchnic mesoderm
What is the term for the extra-embryonic tissue that contributes to the formation of the yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion?
Extra-embryonic mesoderm
What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate?
Gonadal differentiation
What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges and differentiate into spermatogonia or oogonia?
Primordial germ cells
What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?
Freemartinism
What is the term for the gene that encodes for a testis-determining factor?
SRY
What is the primary function of the germ layers in embryonic development?
To give rise to all tissues and organs in the body
What is the significance of the notochord in embryonic development?
Provides structural support and induces neural tube formation
What is the relevance of knowing the three germ layers to the veterinary profession?
Knowledge of the germ layers is important for understanding teratogenic effects
What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the division of the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?
Intermediate mesoderm
What is the primary function of the notochord?
To induce ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm
Which of the following tissues arise from the endoderm?
Epithelial lining and glands of digestive and respiratory systems
During neural tube formation, what happens to the neural folds?
They contact and neural ectoderm cells rearrange
What is the basis for the vertebral column?
Notochord
What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?
Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm
What is the sequence of events during neural tube formation?
Neural ectoderm thickens, neural folds dip down, neural groove forms
What is the primary function of the trophectoderm?
To expand and form extraembryonic membranes
During which stage of development do the embryoblast and trophoblast differentiate?
Blastulation
What is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?
Cleavage
What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by a persistent connection between the urinary and reproductive systems?
Persistent urachus
What is the term for the period during which the embryo is most susceptible to teratogens?
Early embryonic development
What is the term for the cells that will give rise to the entire embryo?
Inner cell mass
What is the term for the process that establishes the dorsoventral axis?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the structure that forms within the zona pellucida?
Morula
What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?
Gastrulation
What is the term for the agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?
Teratogen
Which part of the neural tube gives rise to the brain?
Cranial aspect
What is the role of the sclerotome in somitogenesis?
Gives rise to vertebrae and axial skeleton
Which type of mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system?
Lateral splanchnic mesoderm
What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate into ovaries or testes?
Gonadal differentiation
Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the dermis of dorsal regions?
Dermotome
What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges?
Primordial germ cells
Which congenital anomaly is characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?
Freemartinism
What is the role of the notochord in embryonic development?
Provides direction and contributes to the formation of the vertebral column
Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the skeletal muscles of the head, trunk, and limbs?
Myotome
What is the term for the mesoderm that contributes to the formation of serous membranes lining the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities?
Lateral somatic mesoderm
This quiz covers the origin of tissues, including stem cells, zygote formation, and the development of germ layers and main tissue types. Understand the basics of embryonic development and the relevance of terminologies.
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