Embryology: Tissue Origin

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What is the term for a stem cell that has the ability to give rise to all cell types in an organism?

Pluripotent

Totipotent (correct)

Unipotent

Multipotent

During embryonic development, what is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?

Blastocyst

Morula

Gastrulation

Cleavage (correct)

What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?

Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm (correct)

Paraxial, Intermediate, Lateral Plate

Epithelium, Connective Tissue, Muscle

Notochord, Neuronal Tube, Somite

What is the term for substances or agents that can induce birth defects?

Teratogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the notochord during embryonic development?

Providing direction for the vertebral column and inducing ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following germ layers gives rise to the nervous system?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for any agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?

Teratogen Signup and view all the answers

During which period is the embryo most susceptible to teratogens?

Early embryonic development during organ and limb development Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events during neural tube formation?

Neural ectoderm thickens, neural folds dip down, neural folds contact, neural ectoderm cells rearrange Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for self-renewing cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the primitive streak during embryonic development?

Determining the position of the head and tail Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is derived from the mesoderm?

Connective tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which a unicellular zygote divides to become a multicellular embryo?

Cleavage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the compact ball of cells that forms within the zona pellucida?

Morula Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of events during gastrulation?

Formation of notochord, primitive node, and primitive streak, migration path of cranial, lateral, and caudal mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida and develops a cavity called the blastocoele?

Blastulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process that establishes all three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst and will expand to form extraembryonic membranes?

Trophectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryo establishes its dorsoventral axis?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thickening of the epiblast, which establishes the cranio-caudal axis?

Cranial primitive streak Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the central nervous system?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of formation of somites?

Somitogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of a somite?

Sclerotome, Myotome, Dermotome Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the notochord?

Provides direction and contributes to the formation of the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?

Splanchnic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the extra-embryonic tissue that contributes to the formation of the yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion?

Extra-embryonic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate?

Gonadal differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges and differentiate into spermatogonia or oogonia?

Primordial germ cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?

Freemartinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the gene that encodes for a testis-determining factor?

SRY Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the germ layers in embryonic development?

To give rise to all tissues and organs in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the notochord in embryonic development?

Provides structural support and induces neural tube formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of knowing the three germ layers to the veterinary profession?

Knowledge of the germ layers is important for understanding teratogenic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the division of the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?

Intermediate mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the notochord?

To induce ectoderm to differentiate into neuroectoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues arise from the endoderm?

Epithelial lining and glands of digestive and respiratory systems Signup and view all the answers

During neural tube formation, what happens to the neural folds?

They contact and neural ectoderm cells rearrange Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the vertebral column?

Notochord Signup and view all the answers

What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?

Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events during neural tube formation?

Neural ectoderm thickens, neural folds dip down, neural groove forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the trophectoderm?

To expand and form extraembryonic membranes Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development do the embryoblast and trophoblast differentiate?

Blastulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?

Cleavage Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by a persistent connection between the urinary and reproductive systems?

Persistent urachus Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the period during which the embryo is most susceptible to teratogens?

Early embryonic development Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that will give rise to the entire embryo?

Inner cell mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process that establishes the dorsoventral axis?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure that forms within the zona pellucida?

Morula Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?

Teratogen Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neural tube gives rise to the brain?

Cranial aspect Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the sclerotome in somitogenesis?

Gives rise to vertebrae and axial skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system?

Lateral splanchnic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate into ovaries or testes?

Gonadal differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the dermis of dorsal regions?

Dermotome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges?

Primordial germ cells Signup and view all the answers

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?

Freemartinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the notochord in embryonic development?

Provides direction and contributes to the formation of the vertebral column Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the skeletal muscles of the head, trunk, and limbs?

Myotome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mesoderm that contributes to the formation of serous membranes lining the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities?

Lateral somatic mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

Embryology: Tissue Origin

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a stem cell that has the ability to give rise to all cell types in an organism?

During embryonic development, what is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?

What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?

What is the term for substances or agents that can induce birth defects?

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

What is the primary function of the notochord during embryonic development?

Which of the following germ layers gives rise to the nervous system?

What is the term for any agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?

During which period is the embryo most susceptible to teratogens?

What is the correct sequence of events during neural tube formation?

What is the term for self-renewing cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated?

What is the primary function of the primitive streak during embryonic development?

Which of the following structures is derived from the mesoderm?

What is the process by which a unicellular zygote divides to become a multicellular embryo?

What is the term for the compact ball of cells that forms within the zona pellucida?

What is the correct sequence of events during gastrulation?

What is the term for the process by which the blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida and develops a cavity called the blastocoele?

What is the term for the process that establishes all three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm?

What is the term for the cells that form the outer layer of the blastocyst and will expand to form extraembryonic membranes?

What is the term for the process by which the embryo establishes its dorsoventral axis?

What is the term for the thickening of the epiblast, which establishes the cranio-caudal axis?

What is the basis for the central nervous system?

What is the term for the process of formation of somites?

What are the three main components of a somite?

What is the role of the notochord?

What is the term for the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?

What is the term for the extra-embryonic tissue that contributes to the formation of the yolk sac, amnion, allantois, and chorion?

What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate?

What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges and differentiate into spermatogonia or oogonia?

What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?

What is the term for the gene that encodes for a testis-determining factor?

What is the primary function of the germ layers in embryonic development?

What is the significance of the notochord in embryonic development?

What is the relevance of knowing the three germ layers to the veterinary profession?

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

What is the term for the division of the mesoderm that gives rise to the cardiovascular system, blood, kidneys, and smooth muscles?

What is the primary function of the notochord?

Which of the following tissues arise from the endoderm?

During neural tube formation, what happens to the neural folds?

What is the basis for the vertebral column?

What are the three primary germ layers that give rise to all tissues and organs in the body?

What is the sequence of events during neural tube formation?

What is the primary function of the trophectoderm?

During which stage of development do the embryoblast and trophoblast differentiate?

What is the term for the process of the embryo undergoing several rapid cell divisions without significant growth?

What is the term for the congenital anomaly characterized by a persistent connection between the urinary and reproductive systems?

What is the term for the period during which the embryo is most susceptible to teratogens?

What is the term for the cells that will give rise to the entire embryo?

What is the term for the process that establishes the dorsoventral axis?

What is the term for the structure that forms within the zona pellucida?

What is the term for the process of cellular differentiation that gives rise to the three primary germ layers?

What is the term for the agent or factor that can cause congenital anomalies during embryo or fetal growth and development?

Which part of the neural tube gives rise to the brain?

What is the role of the sclerotome in somitogenesis?

Which type of mesoderm contributes to the formation of the cardiovascular system?

What is the term for the process by which the gonads differentiate into ovaries or testes?

Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the dermis of dorsal regions?

What is the term for the cells that migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges?

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by an infertile female with masculinized behavior and non-functioning ovaries?

What is the role of the notochord in embryonic development?

Which type of mesoderm gives rise to the skeletal muscles of the head, trunk, and limbs?

What is the term for the mesoderm that contributes to the formation of serous membranes lining the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities?

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