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ما هي استخدامات محركات الاحتراق الداخلي عمومًا؟
ما هي استخدامات محركات الاحتراق الداخلي عمومًا؟
ما هي أنواع محركات الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي أنواع محركات الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي ميزة محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي ميزة محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
تستعمل محركات البنزين خليطًا من الهواء و الوقود
تستعمل محركات البنزين خليطًا من الهواء و الوقود
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تستعمل محركات الغاز خليطًا من الهواء و الوقود
تستعمل محركات الغاز خليطًا من الهواء و الوقود
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ما هي مكونات أساسية لمحرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي مكونات أساسية لمحرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هو دور عمود الكامات في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هو دور عمود الكامات في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هو دور شمعة الإشعال في محركات البنزين؟
ما هو دور شمعة الإشعال في محركات البنزين؟
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ما هي وظيفة المكبس في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي وظيفة المكبس في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هي وظيفة 'قلب المحرك' (Crankcase) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي وظيفة 'قلب المحرك' (Crankcase) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هي وظيفة 'العلبة' (Cylinder head) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي وظيفة 'العلبة' (Cylinder head) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هي وظيفة صمامات مدخل الهواء و مخرج العادم في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي وظيفة صمامات مدخل الهواء و مخرج العادم في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هي العوامل التي تؤثر على 'نسبة الانضغاط' (Compression ratio) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هي العوامل التي تؤثر على 'نسبة الانضغاط' (Compression ratio) في محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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ما هو دور 'مضخة الوقود' (Fuel pump) في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
ما هو دور 'مضخة الوقود' (Fuel pump) في تشغيل محرك الاحتراق الداخلي؟
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What are the two principal classes of heat engines?
What are the two principal classes of heat engines?
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What is the main function of the flywheel in an internal combustion engine?
What is the main function of the flywheel in an internal combustion engine?
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What material is typically used for the cylinder block in heavy-duty engines?
What material is typically used for the cylinder block in heavy-duty engines?
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What is the term for the opening in the cylinder head that connects to the inlet valve?
What is the term for the opening in the cylinder head that connects to the inlet valve?
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What is the term used for the system of pipes connecting the inlet ports of various cylinders to a common air or air-fuel intake for the engine?
What is the term used for the system of pipes connecting the inlet ports of various cylinders to a common air or air-fuel intake for the engine?
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What is the term used for the system of pipes connecting the exhaust ports of various cylinders to a common exhaust pipe?
What is the term used for the system of pipes connecting the exhaust ports of various cylinders to a common exhaust pipe?
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The piston in an internal combustion engine is typically made of aluminum alloy.
The piston in an internal combustion engine is typically made of aluminum alloy.
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What is the purpose of the connecting rod in an internal combustion engine?
What is the purpose of the connecting rod in an internal combustion engine?
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What is the term used for the main body of the engine to which the cylinders are attached, containing the crankshaft and bearings?
What is the term used for the main body of the engine to which the cylinders are attached, containing the crankshaft and bearings?
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What is the main function of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?
What is the main function of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine?
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The ratio of the cylinder volume to the clearance volume is referred to as the compression ratio.
The ratio of the cylinder volume to the clearance volume is referred to as the compression ratio.
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Which type of engine configuration is commonly used in passenger cars?
Which type of engine configuration is commonly used in passenger cars?
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What type of engine configuration is often used for heavy hauling and vocational work?
What type of engine configuration is often used for heavy hauling and vocational work?
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Oversquare engines are commonly used in cars with spark ignition (SI) systems.
Oversquare engines are commonly used in cars with spark ignition (SI) systems.
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The inside diameter of the cylinder is called the ...?
The inside diameter of the cylinder is called the ...?
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What is the term for the distance that the piston travels from its topmost to its bottommost position in the cylinder?
What is the term for the distance that the piston travels from its topmost to its bottommost position in the cylinder?
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What is the term for the volume swept by the piston as it moves between the top dead center and the bottom dead center?
What is the term for the volume swept by the piston as it moves between the top dead center and the bottom dead center?
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What is the term for the volume confined in the cylinder above the piston when the piston is at top dead center?
What is the term for the volume confined in the cylinder above the piston when the piston is at top dead center?
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What is the term for the ratio of the cylinder volume to the clearance volume?
What is the term for the ratio of the cylinder volume to the clearance volume?
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Higher compression ratios generally lead to improved engine efficiency and power output.
Higher compression ratios generally lead to improved engine efficiency and power output.
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What happens when the compression ratio is too high?
What happens when the compression ratio is too high?
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A short stroke engine is also known as an oversquare engine.
A short stroke engine is also known as an oversquare engine.
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A long stroke engine is also known as an undersquare engine.
A long stroke engine is also known as an undersquare engine.
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What is the most common type of engine configuration used in passenger cars?
What is the most common type of engine configuration used in passenger cars?
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Which type of engine configuration is preferred for heavy-duty applications like trucks?
Which type of engine configuration is preferred for heavy-duty applications like trucks?
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Oversquare engines excel in high-speed operation.
Oversquare engines excel in high-speed operation.
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The engine block serves as a foundation for the engine, providing a mounting point for the cylinders and other engine components.
The engine block serves as a foundation for the engine, providing a mounting point for the cylinders and other engine components.
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The crankshaft is responsible for converting the rotational motion of the pistons into linear motion for the vehicle's wheels.
The crankshaft is responsible for converting the rotational motion of the pistons into linear motion for the vehicle's wheels.
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The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft, transferring the force of the piston's motion to the crankshaft.
The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft, transferring the force of the piston's motion to the crankshaft.
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The flywheel serves to store energy during the power stroke and releases it during other strokes, smoothing out the engine's rotation.
The flywheel serves to store energy during the power stroke and releases it during other strokes, smoothing out the engine's rotation.
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Aluminum alloys are commonly used for pistons due to their high strength and light weight, making them suitable for high-performance applications.
Aluminum alloys are commonly used for pistons due to their high strength and light weight, making them suitable for high-performance applications.
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Which of the following is NOT a type of engine configuration?
Which of the following is NOT a type of engine configuration?
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An engine with a longer stroke than its bore is considered an undersquare engine.
An engine with a longer stroke than its bore is considered an undersquare engine.
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An engine with a shorter stroke than its bore is considered an oversquare engine.
An engine with a shorter stroke than its bore is considered an oversquare engine.
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The term 'bore' refers to the distance the piston travels within the cylinder.
The term 'bore' refers to the distance the piston travels within the cylinder.
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An engine with a bore and stroke of the same length is referred to as a 'square engine'.
An engine with a bore and stroke of the same length is referred to as a 'square engine'.
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Study Notes
Internal Combustion Engines - Course Information
- Course Details: Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, 4th Year
- Lecturer: Dr. Mohamed Elmously
- Academic Year: 2024-2025
- Lecture Date: 10/2/2024
Grade Distribution
- Class attendance: 5%
- Quizzes: 5%
- Midterm: 20%
- Oral Exam: 20%
- Lab Presentations: 15%
- Final Exam: 60% (15th week)
Course Agenda (Course Content)
- Engine Classifications
- Engine Cycles
- Engine Performance
- Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines
- Engine Emissions
- Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines
- Biodiesel Vehicles
Lecture 01
- Introduction to the lecture
Heat Engines
- Classification: Heat engines are categorized into two main types: External Combustion Engines and Internal Combustion Engines.
- External Combustion Engines: Combustion occurs outside the engine cylinder. Examples include steam turbine and gas turbine.
- Internal Combustion engines: Combustion takes place within the engine cylinder. There are various types: gas engines, petrol engines, and diesel engines.
Principles of Internal Combustion Engines
-
Engine Construction:
- Cylinder Block: Supports the cylinder and other components.
- Cylinder Head: Encloses the top of the cylinder, typically bolted to the block with a gasket.
- Inlet and Exhaust Valves: Control the flow of air and exhaust gases. The inlet valve admits the air or fuel-air mixture, while the exhaust valve releases the products of combustion.
- Piston: A component that moves up and down within the cylinder, converting the energy of combustion into mechanical work.
- Connecting Rod: Connects the piston to the crankshaft, transmitting the motion and thrust of the piston to it.
- Crankshaft: Rotational component converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion. Parts include Rod Journals and Main Journals.
- Flywheel: A heavy wheel on the crankshaft, used to store and release energy, maintaining constant speed.
Basic Components of an IC Engine
- Cylinder Block
- Cylinder
- Piston
- Combustion Chamber
- Inlet Manifold
- Exhaust Manifold
- Inlet & Exhaust Valve
- Spark Plug
- Connecting Rod
- Crankshaft
- Piston Ring
- Gudgeon Pin
- Camshaft
Fuel Injection vs. Carburetor
- Fuel Injection: A more efficient and modern method of delivering fuel to the combustion chamber.
- Carburetor: A traditional method that mixes fuel and air.
Principles of Internal Combustion Engines (Additional Information)
- Piston Material: Usually aluminum alloy, for efficient heat transfer.
- Cylinder Ports and Manifolds: Inlet and exhaust passages from the cylinder head to the valves are termed as ports. The systems of pipes to connect the ports from various cylinders to a common air/fuel intake are known as Manifolds: Inlet Manifold and Exhaust Manifold.
Principles of Internal Combustion Engines
-
Cylinder Geometry: Cylinders are cylindrical-shaped and are often of specific proportions, such as: square, under-square, and over-square. The bore refers to the inside diameter of the cylinder. The ratio of bore and stroke is often referred to as bore/stroke ratio.
- Square Engine: Bore and stroke (length) have nearly similar dimensions.
- Under-square Engine: Stroke is larger than the bore.
- Over-square Engine: Stroke is smaller than the bore.
- Compression Ratio: Relates the volume cylinder at the bottom, or bottom dead center (BDC) position, to the clearance volume at top dead center (TDC).
Other key concepts
- Importance of Compression Ratio: Higher compression ratios improve engine efficiency and power.
- Knocking in Engines: Potential harm to engine if high compression.
- Reducing Compression Ratio: Reduces risks of knocking but also decreases efficiency and performance (power).
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Description
تتناول هذه الدورة في هندسة الطاقة الميكانيكية كل ما يتعلق بمحركات الاحتراق الداخلي، بما في ذلك تصنيفات المحركات، وأداء المحرك، وانبعاثات الاحتراق. سوف يتعرف الطلاب على مفاهيم مهمة مثل السيارات التي تعمل بالديزل الحيوي وعمليات الاحتراق في محركات الإشعال الشراري.
