MHC Class I and Class II Genes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of multiple alleles in the MHC genes?

  • To allow the population to deal with the diversity of microbes (correct)
  • To increase the expression of class II molecules
  • To reduce the expression of class I molecules
  • To ensure that each individual has a unique immune response

    • How are MHC genes expressed?

  • X-linked
  • Dominantly
  • Recessively
  • Codominantly (correct)

    • What is the main function of MHC molecules?

  • To recognize and eliminate infected cells
  • To stimulate B cells to produce antibodies
  • To present peptides from microbial proteins to T cells (correct)
  • To activate the complement system

    • Which type of cells primarily express class II molecules?

    <p>Dendritic cells and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of interferon-γ on the expression of class II molecules?

    <p>It induces the expression of class II molecules on other cell types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiologic significance of the different expression patterns of class I and class II molecules?

    <p>It is described later in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the products of genes such as DM, proteasome components, and TAP?

    <p>Antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Class I and Class II MHC molecules?

    <p>Their subunit composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protein associated with the α chain in Class I MHC molecules?

    <p>β2-microglobulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of peptides bound by the peptide-binding cleft of Class I MHC molecules?

    <p>8-9 amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of proteins are Class I and Class II MHC molecules?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the α1 and α2 domains of the α chain in Class I MHC molecules?

    <p>To form a peptide-binding cleft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the process of antigen presentation?

    <p>To break down and present antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term applied to CD8+ T cells recognizing class I MHC-associated antigens?

    <p>Cross-priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ensured by the restriction of T cell recognition to MHC-associated peptides?

    <p>T cells see and respond only to cell-associated antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can MHC molecules be loaded with peptides only inside cells?

    <p>Because intracellular and ingested antigens are present inside cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of T cells recognize class II MHC-associated antigens from the microbe?

    <p>CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of antigen processing and presentation in the context of MHC molecules?

    <p>Inside the antigen-presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD4+ helper T cells in the immune response?

    <p>To stimulate the production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for eliminating extracellular microbes?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of B lymphocytes in the immune response?

    <p>To ingest protein antigens of microbes and present them to CD4+ helper T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are effective against intracellular viruses and other pathogens that can survive and replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells?

    <p>CD8+ CTLs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of protein antigens of microbes entering the class I MHC pathway of antigen processing?

    <p>Recognition by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for ingesting protein antigens of microbes?

    <p>B lymphocytes and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome when a protein antigen is presented to an individual?

    <p>Only a few peptides from the antigen can bind to MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of T cells recognize class I MHC-peptide complexes?

    <p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy do viruses use to evade the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Inhibiting the class I MHC pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

    <p>To ingest and process antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the class II MHC pathway?

    <p>Transport of peptide-MHC complexes to the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TAP protein in the class I MHC pathway?

    <p>To transport peptides into the ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

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