Chapter 21: Immune System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

All nucleated cells

Antigen-presenting cells (correct)

Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

Class I MHC proteins

Class II MHC proteins (correct)

Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

CD4

CD8 (correct)

Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?

All nucleated cells Signup and view all the answers

Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?

CD8 cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about T cells?

Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2 Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation except one. Select the one answer that does not describe the classical pathway of complement activation.

It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgM?

First to peak during a primary immune response Signup and view all the answers

What does IgA protect?

Mucosal barriers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgG?

Main antibody of both primary and secondary immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgD?

Along with IgM, this is a B cell receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IgE?

Involved in allergies Signup and view all the answers

How does a lymphocyte exhibit immunocompetence?

By being able to recognize their own specific antigen Signup and view all the answers

Select the best description of the negative selection process of lymphocyte maturation.

Removal of lymphocytes that react with 'self' cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Class II MHC molecules appear only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, thymic cells, and T cells that have been activated by exposure to antigens Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the absence of helper T cells?

No immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells?

Forms antibody producing cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytotoxic T cells?

Kills cancer cells and virus infected body cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory cells?

Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory T cells?

Slows or stops the immune response Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for not medicating a fever of 100.4F when Tylenol is ordered for a temperature greater than 101 degrees F?

Fever can be beneficial as it indicates the body is fighting an infection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

MHC Proteins and Cell Types

Class II MHC proteins are exclusively found on antigen-presenting cells.
Class II MHC proteins present exogenous antigens, which originate from outside the cell.
Class I MHC proteins are recognized by CD8 T cells.

Cancer and Immune Response

All nucleated cells display protein fragments from endogenous proteins, including cancerous cells.
Cytotoxic T cells develop from CD8 cells, playing a crucial role in targeting infected or cancerous cells.

T Cell Activation and Function

T cell activation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2, promoting their proliferation.
T cells recognize antigens directly, activating specific subpopulations such as killer cells.

Complement Activation Pathways

The classical pathway of complement activation involves the binding of antibodies to antigens and enhances inflammation and opsonization.
It does not activate T-helper cells by presenting antigen.

Antibody Types and Functions

IgM is the first antibody to peak during a primary immune response.
IgA is crucial for protecting mucosal barriers.
IgG serves as the main antibody in both primary and secondary immune responses.
IgD functions as a B cell receptor alongside IgM.
IgE is primarily involved in mediating allergic reactions.

Immunocompetence and Lymphocyte Maturation

Immunocompetence in lymphocytes is indicated by their ability to recognize specific antigens, not self-antigens.
Negative selection during lymphocyte maturation involves the removal of those that react with self-cells, preventing autoimmunity.

Functions of Immune Cells

Helper T cells are vital for initiating and regulating the immune response; their absence results in an inability to mount an effective immune response.
B cells are responsible for forming antibody-producing cells critical for humoral immunity.
Cytotoxic T cells effectively kill cancer and virus-infected cells.
Memory cells allow for a more rapid and efficient response during secondary exposures to antigens.
Regulatory T cells function to slow or halt the immune response to maintain balance and prevent overreaction.

Clinical Insight on Fever Management

A mild fever (e.g., 100.4°F) may not require medication as it can be part of a natural immune response.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the immune system with these flashcards from Chapter 21. Focused on Class II MHC proteins, this quiz highlights key concepts related to antigen presentation and immune cell types. Perfect for mastering anatomy and immunology.