Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the main mechanism of action of corticosteroids in treating asthma?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a leukotriene modifier?
What is the key characteristic of short-acting β2-agonists in asthma treatment?
Which type of beta2 agonists is more commonly used as relievers in asthma treatment?
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What side effect is commonly associated with long-acting beta2-agonists in asthma management?
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Which drug belongs to the class of methylxanthines used in asthma treatment?
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In asthma management, which type of medication should not be used on a PRN (as needed) basis?
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What is the main route of administration for short-acting beta2-agonists in the treatment of asthma?
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Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with oral preparations of beta2 agonists?
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What distinguishes long-acting beta2-agonists from short-acting ones in terms of duration of action?
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Study Notes
Bronchodilators
- Methylxanthines, Anticholinergics, and Adrenergic agonists are three types of bronchodilators
- Adrenergic agonists stimulate β2 receptors, increasing cAMP and promoting bronchodilation
- Methylxanthines inhibit PDE, increasing cAMP and relaxing smooth muscle, also inhibiting IgE release from mast cells
- Anticholinergics are competitive antagonists of muscarinic Ach receptors, used in asthma and COPD
Methylxanthines
- Inhibit PDE, increasing cAMP and relaxing smooth muscle
- Inhibit IgE release from mast cells
- Competitive antagonists at adenosine (A2) receptors
- Examples: Theophylline, Caffeine, Aminophylline, Dypirylline, and Oxytriphylline
- Used in CNS stimulation, bronchodilation, and diuresis
- Side effects: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cardiac effects, and kidney effects
Anticholinergics
- Competitive antagonists of muscarinic Ach receptors
- Used in asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
- Examples: Atropine, Ipratropium, and Tiotropium
- Administration: IV, inhalation, and oral
- Pharmacokinetics: onset 5-15 minutes, effect 1-2 hours, duration 4-5 hours
- Side effects: dryness of mouth and airway, headache, and rarely tachycardia, dry eyes, and urinary retention
Adrenergic Agonists
- Older non-selective drugs: Ephedrine, Epinephrine
- Newer selective β2 adrenergic agonists: Fewer systemic side effects, promote bronchodilation
- Examples: Terbutaline, Albuterol, Pirbuterol, and Bitolterol
- Short-acting β2 agonists (SABAs): Relievers, used for symptoms, duration 3-5 hours
- Long-acting β2 agonists (LABAs): Controllers, used for fixed schedule, duration 10-12 hours
- Side effects: tachycardia, nervousness, irritability, tremor, and angina
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Description
Test your knowledge on Methylxanthines, a class of bronchodilators that include Theophylline and Caffeine. Learn about their mechanism of action, uses, and interactions with adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterase. Explore the competitive antagonism at adenosine (A2) receptors and their role in inhibiting IgE release from mast cells.
