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Questions and Answers
Karyotyping involves the analysis of total body composition of an organism.
Karyotyping involves the analysis of total body composition of an organism.
False
A karyogram is a written description of an organism's chromosomes.
A karyogram is a written description of an organism's chromosomes.
False
Concordant twins possess different traits.
Concordant twins possess different traits.
False
Identical twins reared apart show a high degree of concordance in intelligence due to the environment.
Identical twins reared apart show a high degree of concordance in intelligence due to the environment.
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Dizygotic twins have the same DNA but are reared in different environments.
Dizygotic twins have the same DNA but are reared in different environments.
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Monozygotic twins with the same intelligence must be due to genetics.
Monozygotic twins with the same intelligence must be due to genetics.
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One factor to consider in choosing a test organism for genetic study is the large number of offspring it produces.
One factor to consider in choosing a test organism for genetic study is the large number of offspring it produces.
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Mice have a longer life cycle compared to bacteria and fungi.
Mice have a longer life cycle compared to bacteria and fungi.
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Pedigree analysis is another term used for planned experimental breeding.
Pedigree analysis is another term used for planned experimental breeding.
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Fruit flies and mice are preferred as experimental animals over humans due to their short generation time.
Fruit flies and mice are preferred as experimental animals over humans due to their short generation time.
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Sexual reproduction is not important in genetic analysis because asexual organisms can also be used for breeding experiments.
Sexual reproduction is not important in genetic analysis because asexual organisms can also be used for breeding experiments.
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Corn and rice are examples of organisms with short life cycles suitable for genetic studies.
Corn and rice are examples of organisms with short life cycles suitable for genetic studies.
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Study Notes
Methods of Genetic Study
- Planned Experimental Breeding is the most direct method to study the mode of inheritance of a trait by mating individuals with contrasting expressions of the desired trait and observing their offspring through several generations.
Factors to Consider in Choosing a Test Organism
- The chosen organism should exhibit detectable differences in kinds of variations.
- The organism should have an effective means of combining parental traits through sexual reproduction or a system of recombination.
- Controlled mating is facilitated if the experimenter can choose parental lines.
- Short generation time allows for faster acquisition of results, made possible by organisms that require only a short time between generations.
- A large number of offspring enables the transmission of traits to obey statistical laws and approach ideal ratios.
- Organisms should be easy to care for, requiring minimum space, food, and time for caring.
Pedigree Analysis, Karyotyping, and Twin Study
- Pedigree Analysis is a method of studying genetics.
- Karyotyping is the analysis of an organism's chromosome composition, determining the normal chromosome number, establishing new species, and detecting chromosomal aberrations.
- A karyogram is a pictorial representation of an organism's chromosomes.
- Twin Study is a special statistical test that measures the degree of concordance or disconcordance between different kinds of twins.
- Concordance refers to both twins possessing or being free of a particular trait, while disconcordance occurs when only one twin possesses the trait.
- High concordance among identical twins reared apart suggests a greater role of genes than environment.
- Greater concordance between fraternal twins reared together suggests a greater role of the environment.
Types of Twins and their Significance
- Dizygotic twins have different DNA and are reared in the same environment; if they have the same intelligence, it is due to environment, and if they have different intelligence, it is due to genetics.
- Monozygotic twins have the same DNA and are reared in different environments; if they have the same intelligence, it is due to genetics, and if they have different intelligence, it is due to environment.
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Description
Learn about the methods of genetic study, focusing on planned experimental breeding to observe inheritance patterns across generations. Understand the factors to consider when choosing a test organism for genetic analysis.
