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Questions and Answers
Which compound is known as wood alcohol?
Which compound is known as wood alcohol?
What is the main use of methanol mentioned in the text?
What is the main use of methanol mentioned in the text?
How does concurrent ingestion of ethanol affect methanol toxicity?
How does concurrent ingestion of ethanol affect methanol toxicity?
What symptom might develop between 18 to 48 hours after ingesting methanol?
What symptom might develop between 18 to 48 hours after ingesting methanol?
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What is the acute toxicity associated with methanol ingestion?
What is the acute toxicity associated with methanol ingestion?
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What is the solubility of aspirin in water?
What is the solubility of aspirin in water?
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Which of the following statements about aspirin uses is correct?
Which of the following statements about aspirin uses is correct?
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What kind of toxicity has been reported related to aspirin exposure?
What kind of toxicity has been reported related to aspirin exposure?
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In which chemical compound is aspirin soluble?
In which chemical compound is aspirin soluble?
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What effect does inhalation of aspirin vapor concentrations above 5ppm have?
What effect does inhalation of aspirin vapor concentrations above 5ppm have?
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What is one of the uses of aspirin in organic synthesis?
What is one of the uses of aspirin in organic synthesis?
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What is the function of methyl salicylate?
What is the function of methyl salicylate?
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How is methyl salicylate primarily prepared?
How is methyl salicylate primarily prepared?
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What does the activity involving the synthesis of paracetamol use as a chemical?
What does the activity involving the synthesis of paracetamol use as a chemical?
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What is the primary function of paracetamol?
What is the primary function of paracetamol?
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Which statement about hepatic folate status is true?
Which statement about hepatic folate status is true?
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What is the pharmacological similarity between methyl salicylate and aspirin?
What is the pharmacological similarity between methyl salicylate and aspirin?
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What is the most common toxicity symptom associated with toxic doses of acetaminophen?
What is the most common toxicity symptom associated with toxic doses of acetaminophen?
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What is the best known form of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen overdose?
What is the best known form of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen overdose?
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Which form does 4-Aminophenol exist as when derived from acetone?
Which form does 4-Aminophenol exist as when derived from acetone?
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What type of sugar is sucrose?
What type of sugar is sucrose?
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What process generates hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide, and water when sucrose is treated with chloric acid?
What process generates hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide, and water when sucrose is treated with chloric acid?
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How is oxalic acid primarily prepared?
How is oxalic acid primarily prepared?
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Which compound is known for its keratolytic properties?
Which compound is known for its keratolytic properties?
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What is the main reported risk in children who take aspirin for viral infections?
What is the main reported risk in children who take aspirin for viral infections?
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Which compound disrupts the production of prostaglandins by targeting COX-1 and COX-2?
Which compound disrupts the production of prostaglandins by targeting COX-1 and COX-2?
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Which compound is used as an analgesic for mild to moderate pain?
Which compound is used as an analgesic for mild to moderate pain?
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Which compound is a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid and is corrosive when concentrated?
Which compound is a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid and is corrosive when concentrated?
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Which compound is known for its antipyretic properties by interfering with the production of brain prostaglandins E1?
Which compound is known for its antipyretic properties by interfering with the production of brain prostaglandins E1?
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Study Notes
Medicinal Chemistry Post Lab Prelims Maculas 2C
Aspirin Synthesis
- Aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, and conc. H2SO4
- Aspirin is a salicylate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
- It disrupts prostaglandin production throughout the body by targeting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
- Uses: analgesic for mild to moderate pain, anti-inflammatory agent for soft tissue and joint inflammation, antipyretic drug, and low doses for prevention of thrombosis
Salicylic Acid
- White crystals, fine needles, or fluffy white crystalline powder
- Soluble in organic solvents, very soluble in ethanol
- Uses: anti-infective, anti-fungal, keratolytic, analgesic, and antipyretic
- Toxicity: gastrointestinal irritation, hepatic encephalopathy (Reye's Syndrome), and severe cases: metabolic acidosis, water and electrolyte loss, and CNS toxicity
Acetic Anhydride
- Two acetyl groups joined by an oxygen atom
- Clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar
- Uses: dehydrating agent in nitrations, sulfonations, and other reactions
Methyl Salicylate Synthesis
- Methyl salicylate is synthesized from salicylic acid, methyl alcohol, and conc. H2SO4
- Methyl salicylate is a methyl ester of salicylic acid
- Uses: relieves musculoskeletal pain in muscles, joints, and tendons by causing irritation and reddening of the skin
- Pharmaceutically similar to aspirin and other NSAIDs, but as a topical agent, it primarily acts as a rubefacient and skin irritant
Phosphoric Acid
- A clear, colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid
- Corrosive when concentrated
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Methanol
- Simplest aliphatic alcohol with a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group
- Uses: pharmaceutical aid, solvent, and dehydrator of natural gas
- Toxicity: ingestion may result in blindness, and vapors can cause toxic reactions
Sulfuric Acid
- A colorless, oily liquid with a pungent, ethereal odor
- Corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Paracetamol Synthesis
- Paracetamol is synthesized from 4-aminophenol, distilled water, and acetic anhydride
- Paracetamol is a non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Uses: relieves pain, reduces fever, and inflammation
4-Aminophenol
- White or reddish-yellow crystals or light brown powder that turns violet when exposed to light
- Strong reducing agent
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Oxalic Acid Synthesis
- Oxalic acid is synthesized from nitric acid and sucrose
- Oxalic acid is a strong acid, stronger than acetic acid
- Uses: cleaning, bleaching, dyeing process, and as a reducing agent
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Description
Learn about methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, its uses, toxicity, and common names. Understand its applications as a pharmaceutical aid, in hydraulic fracturing mixtures, and as a dehydrator of natural gas.
