29 Questions
Which compound is known as wood alcohol?
Methanol
What is the main use of methanol mentioned in the text?
Pharmaceutical aid
How does concurrent ingestion of ethanol affect methanol toxicity?
Slows down the entrance of methanol into metabolic pathways
What symptom might develop between 18 to 48 hours after ingesting methanol?
Visual disturbances
What is the acute toxicity associated with methanol ingestion?
Formic academia and ocular toxicity
What is the solubility of aspirin in water?
Slowly soluble
Which of the following statements about aspirin uses is correct?
Used as a metabolite and a reagent
What kind of toxicity has been reported related to aspirin exposure?
Eye and skin irritation
In which chemical compound is aspirin soluble?
Chloroform
What effect does inhalation of aspirin vapor concentrations above 5ppm have?
Acute eye irritation
What is one of the uses of aspirin in organic synthesis?
Dehydrating agent in nitrations
What is the function of methyl salicylate?
Relieves muscoskeletal pain
How is methyl salicylate primarily prepared?
By maceration and distillation from Gaultheria procumbens leaves
What does the activity involving the synthesis of paracetamol use as a chemical?
4-aminophenol
What is the primary function of paracetamol?
As a cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor
Which statement about hepatic folate status is true?
It governs the rate of formate detoxification
What is the pharmacological similarity between methyl salicylate and aspirin?
Both act as cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitors
What is the most common toxicity symptom associated with toxic doses of acetaminophen?
Nausea and vomiting
What is the best known form of hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen overdose?
Acute, serious hepatocellular injury
Which form does 4-Aminophenol exist as when derived from acetone?
Acicular crystals
What type of sugar is sucrose?
Disaccharide
What process generates hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide, and water when sucrose is treated with chloric acid?
Hydrolysis
How is oxalic acid primarily prepared?
By oxidation of specific carbohydrates like sucrose with nitric acid
Which compound is known for its keratolytic properties?
Acetylsalicylic acid
What is the main reported risk in children who take aspirin for viral infections?
Metabolic acidosis
Which compound disrupts the production of prostaglandins by targeting COX-1 and COX-2?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Which compound is used as an analgesic for mild to moderate pain?
Methyl salicylate
Which compound is a clear colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid and is corrosive when concentrated?
Phosphoric acid
Which compound is known for its antipyretic properties by interfering with the production of brain prostaglandins E1?
Acetylsalicylic acid
Study Notes
Medicinal Chemistry Post Lab Prelims Maculas 2C
Aspirin Synthesis
- Aspirin is synthesized from salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, and conc. H2SO4
- Aspirin is a salicylate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
- It disrupts prostaglandin production throughout the body by targeting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
- Uses: analgesic for mild to moderate pain, anti-inflammatory agent for soft tissue and joint inflammation, antipyretic drug, and low doses for prevention of thrombosis
Salicylic Acid
- White crystals, fine needles, or fluffy white crystalline powder
- Soluble in organic solvents, very soluble in ethanol
- Uses: anti-infective, anti-fungal, keratolytic, analgesic, and antipyretic
- Toxicity: gastrointestinal irritation, hepatic encephalopathy (Reye's Syndrome), and severe cases: metabolic acidosis, water and electrolyte loss, and CNS toxicity
Acetic Anhydride
- Two acetyl groups joined by an oxygen atom
- Clear, colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar
- Uses: dehydrating agent in nitrations, sulfonations, and other reactions
Methyl Salicylate Synthesis
- Methyl salicylate is synthesized from salicylic acid, methyl alcohol, and conc. H2SO4
- Methyl salicylate is a methyl ester of salicylic acid
- Uses: relieves musculoskeletal pain in muscles, joints, and tendons by causing irritation and reddening of the skin
- Pharmaceutically similar to aspirin and other NSAIDs, but as a topical agent, it primarily acts as a rubefacient and skin irritant
Phosphoric Acid
- A clear, colorless liquid or transparent crystalline solid
- Corrosive when concentrated
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Methanol
- Simplest aliphatic alcohol with a methyl group linked to a hydroxyl group
- Uses: pharmaceutical aid, solvent, and dehydrator of natural gas
- Toxicity: ingestion may result in blindness, and vapors can cause toxic reactions
Sulfuric Acid
- A colorless, oily liquid with a pungent, ethereal odor
- Corrosive to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Paracetamol Synthesis
- Paracetamol is synthesized from 4-aminophenol, distilled water, and acetic anhydride
- Paracetamol is a non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Uses: relieves pain, reduces fever, and inflammation
4-Aminophenol
- White or reddish-yellow crystals or light brown powder that turns violet when exposed to light
- Strong reducing agent
- Uses: various industrial and pharmaceutical applications
Oxalic Acid Synthesis
- Oxalic acid is synthesized from nitric acid and sucrose
- Oxalic acid is a strong acid, stronger than acetic acid
- Uses: cleaning, bleaching, dyeing process, and as a reducing agent
Learn about methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, its uses, toxicity, and common names. Understand its applications as a pharmaceutical aid, in hydraulic fracturing mixtures, and as a dehydrator of natural gas.
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