Questions and Answers
What is the classification of Metformin?
What is the pregnancy class of Metformin?
Class B
What is the primary use of Metformin?
Treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Which of the following are contraindications for the use of Metformin? (Select all that apply)
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What assessments should be done when using Metformin?
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What should be done before administration of Metformin in relation to IV iodinated contrast media?
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What is a key nursing diagnosis related to Metformin?
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What should patients be taught regarding missed doses of Metformin?
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What are symptoms of lactic acidosis that patients should report?
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Study Notes
Metformin Overview
- Classification: Antidiabetic medication belonging to the biguanides class.
- Pregnancy Class: Considered Class B, indicating safety in pregnancy.
Uses
- Primarily indicated for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Contraindications
- Not suitable for individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug.
- Avoid in cases of metabolic acidosis, dehydration, or sepsis.
- Caution required in patients with renal dysfunction (SCr >1.5 mg/dL in men, >1.4 mg/dL in women) and those undergoing IV iodinated contrast studies.
- Use cautiously in geriatric or debilitated patients, chronic alcohol users, individuals with serious medical conditions (myocardial infarction, stroke), or those under physical stress.
Assessments
- Monitor combined therapy with oral sulfonylureas for signs of hypoglycemia (e.g., abdominal pain, dizziness).
- Patients with laboratory abnormalities should be evaluated for ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis.
- Regularly assess serum electrolytes, glucose, and other lab values to evaluate therapy effectiveness and renal function.
- False-positive results for urine ketones may occur; monitor B12 and folic acid levels every 1-2 years.
Implementation
- Distinguish metformin from metronidazole to avoid errors.
- Patients under stress or requiring surgery may need insulin instead; withhold metformin during such episodes.
- Administer metformin with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects; extended-release (XR) tablets must be taken whole.
Nursing Diagnosis
- Common diagnoses include imbalanced nutrition (more than body requirements) and patient noncompliance.
Patient Teaching
- Encourage consistent daily dosing and attendance to appointments for monitoring.
- Educate on managing hypoglycemia with sugary drinks or snacks and the importance of checking blood glucose and urine ketones.
- Discuss signs of lactic acidosis and recommend immediate medical attention if symptoms arise (e.g., chills, dizziness).
- Inform about the potential metallic taste from the drug and its temporary nature.
- Review the necessity of consulting healthcare professionals regarding all medications and dietary changes.
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Description
Explore the essential information about Metformin, an antidiabetic medication widely used for managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This quiz covers its classification, uses, contraindications, and important monitoring assessments. Perfect for those studying pharmacology or healthcare regulations.
