Metatarsus Adductus (MA)= note

In cases of metatarsus adductus, before what age is non-operative treatment considered MOST ideal?

What characteristic distinguishes metatarsus adductus (MA) from adductus of the forefoot (AF)?

Which plane of deformity is MOST associated with simple metatarsus adductus?

What additional plane of deviation is present, along with adduction, in metatarsus adductovarus?

Complex metatarsus adductus is also known as:

Which of the following is NOT typical of cavoadductovarus?

According to the content, what factor is MOST important to consider when classifying metatarsus adductus to determine the best course of treatment?

What does a 'fixed and rigid' presentation of metatarsus adductus indicate regarding prognosis?

In the context of forefoot position in metatarsus adductus, where is concavity typically observed?

What characterizes forefoot adductovarus?

In the context of rearfoot position, which of the following is NOT typically associated with metatarsus adductus?

What is a key characteristic of transitional lesions in the context of metatarsus adductus and talipes equinovarus (TEV)?

What additional condition is present in 'forefoot adduction plus fixed heel inversion/supination' EXCEPT ankle equinus?

What condition is functional metatarsus adductus MOST likely classified as?

What is the approximate incidence of metatarsus adductus in live births?

Which of the following factors is classified as an etiology of Metatarsus Adductus?

Which of the following is an example of 'Position of Comfort' that can result in metatarsus adductus?

Talipes equinovarus may be nothing more than a congenital forefoot varus.

Which of the following is associated with skewfoot?

What is the MOST critical factor for a successful prognosis in non-operative treatment of metatarsus adductus?

Rigid forms of metatarsus adductus respond better to which type of treatment?

When is surgical repair considered in the management of metatarsus adductus?

What is a characteristic clinical sign observed in patients with metatarsus adductus?

In metatarsus adductus, what is the position of the heel?

What is a defining characteristic of the first interdigital space in a foot with metatarsus adductus?

In the context of metatarsus adductus, where is the apex of concavity located along the medial border of the foot?

What observation can indicate the severity of the deformity?

What finding suggests a flexible variant of metatarsus adductus during examination?

In metatarsus adductus, how does the movement typically respond when the lateral border of the foot is stroked?

What anatomical feature is unique in metatarsus adductus, causing the first metatarsal to be carried into an adducted position?

What is the most common reason why surgical intervention is needed in pes adductus?

What radiographic finding is expected regarding the RF (rearfoot) in metatarsus adductus?

If lines are crossing in the midfoot on the radiograph, what does this indicate?

What is the theory behind spontaneous correction in infants with metatarsus adductus?

What is the reasoning mentioned for a radiograph?

What is the recommendation for follow up after casting, with SHOES?

Surgical intervention is desired in metatarsus adductus, but is it ALWAYS indicated?

Why are Thompson procedures not done anymore?

True or False: Tendons have a habit of going back to where they came from. Therefore if you perform metatarsal adductus surgery, the tendon may retreat and the surgery may not last over time.

Before what age is early intervention and non-operative treatment considered ideal for correcting Metatarsus Adductus?

Metatarsus Adductus (MA) and Adductus Forefoot (AF) both indicate the same degree of overall forefoot adduction.

In the Agnew classification of Metatarsus Adductus, what is the defining characteristic of the most common type, Simple Metatarsus Adductus?

In Metatarsus Adductovarus, in addition to adduction of the metatarsals, there is also a ______ plane varus rotation of the forefoot.

Match the Metatarsus Adductus classification with its corresponding characteristic:

Which statement is true regarding Cavoadductovarus?

In cases of fixed and rigid metatarsus adductus, attempts to manually reduce and over-correct the deformity are more likely to be successful.

What physical finding along the medial side of the foot is indicative of forefoot adduction?

In forefoot varus, the deformity presents in the ______ plane.

Match the rearfoot position with the associated foot condition:

What does forefoot adduction plus fixed heel inversion/supination suggest?

Forefoot adduction plus ankle equinus with heel varus is a common presentation.

Functional Metatarsus Adductus may be better classified as what other condition?

The incidence of Metatarsus Adductus is approximately 1 in every ______ live births.

Match each term with its description relevant to Metatarsus Adductus:

What finding suggests that Talipes Equinovarus may be present on one side with Metatarsus Adductus on the contralateral side?

Casting Metatarsus Adductus is responsible for creating Skewfoot.

When is the best time to treat Metatarsus Adductus non-operatively, assuming it does not spontaneously resolve?

In the clinical picture of Metatarsus Adductus, the medial border of the foot has a ______ and the lateral border of the foot has a ______.

Match the radiographic finding with its description in Metatarsus Adductus:

Why is it not a good idea to do nothing when a patient presents with a significant deformity?

Shoes are the primary method of correction in Metatarsus Adductus.

What specific action is performed during manipulation for serial casting of Metatarsus Adductus?

The fundamental laws of bone and cartilage remodeling state that bone and cartilage grow more slowly when subjected to ______ load.

What must be present to succeed with the technique?

A 5-year-old child presents with persistent hallux varus despite previous cast therapy. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

Which of the following is a complication unique to the Berman-Gartland procedure compared to the Heyman-Herndon-Strong procedure?

A neonate is diagnosed with postural metatarsus adductus. Which characteristic is true for this condition?

A 6-year-old child presents with complex metatarsus adductus. Which radiographic finding is expected in this condition?

A 2-year-old child with a history of oligohydramnios presents with talipes equinovarus. Which associated condition is most likely to be present?