Metaphysics and Epistemology Quiz

<p>The origin, structure, and composition of the universe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The theory of knowledge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How can knowledge be acquired and justified? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nature of space and time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factual evidence and justification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaxagoras (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are indivisible and vary in shape and size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effect of one event on the production of another event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the same object can be interpreted differently by different observers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to the substance from which something is made. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He argued that senses only show us appearances, not true forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They collide and separate, leading to the creation and destruction of objects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A realm where the true essence of things exist, which is not perceivable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the limits of human agency and choice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reality is fundamentally one and made of one single substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaximander (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They proposed that reality as a unity manifesting itself in varied forms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The omniscience of God. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pluralists deny the existence of unity in the universe while monists believe reality is ultimately one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occasionalism posits a direct, moment-by-moment intervention by God, while pre-established harmony suggests a pre-ordained plan. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The problem of understanding the interactions between the mind and the body. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mind and body operate independently according to God's pre-established plan. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anaximenes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simultaneous contributions of both man and God in achieving an action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The earliest Ionians believed in the unity, in the midst of diversity of all things while the idealist believes that reality manifests itself in many forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thinking is a prerequisite of rationality; however, rationality requires expanded mental operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans are unique because of their thinking, rationality and communication abilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using logic helps philosophy to move from simple thinking to higher levels of mental activity, including rationality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reliance on pre-existing understanding and initial interpretation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining the nature of truth and the methods to reach it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rational justifications for all encounters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To override ambiguity in logical thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reasoning leads to further enquiries to ascertain facticity, while thinking is the base activity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logic is confined to realms of human reasoning or mental activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What distinguishes a good argument from a bad one (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to achieve a desired state of knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assist in identifying errors in thinking and reasoning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To present reasons for or against an opinion or discourse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premises and a conclusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as evidence or justification for the conclusion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide a roadmap for reaching conclusions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By ensuring that conclusions drawn are valid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide support for an opinion or idea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They serve as the premises of the argument. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the fundamental nature of reality, going beyond what our senses can perceive.

A branch of metaphysics that explores the nature of existence, including material and immaterial beings. It examines concepts like substance, essence, and accidents.

The branch of metaphysics that studies the universe, focusing on its structure, origin, and composition. It explores questions about the universe's creation and evolution.

The theory of knowledge, focusing on how we acquire knowledge and itsjustification. It explores questions about the nature of knowledge, its reliability, and limitations.

A practical application of philosophy, focusing on actions based on pre-determined motives.

A system of beliefs or theories that explain the origin and development of the universe, often based on religious or philosophical perspectives.

A theory of biological evolution that emphasizes the role of natural selection in shaping life forms over time.

A theory about the universe's origin, proposing that it began with a singular point of infinite density and temperature.

The philosophical debate about whether everything in the universe is fundamentally one thing or many things. It raises questions about how unity can exist in the face of diverse phenomena.

The belief that reality is ultimately one, often attributed to a single substance or principle. Ancient Ionians like Thales thought everything was made of water, while Anaximander proposed an 'infinite' or 'indeterminate' substance.

The opposite of monism. It argues for the existence of multiple, distinct substances or principles that make up reality. Pluralists disagreed with the notion that everything was one.

The philosophical problem of understanding how the mind and body interact. Does the mind control the body, or does the body influence the mind?

The idea that all events, including human actions, are predetermined and inevitable. There is no genuine free will.

The belief that humans have the ability to make choices freely, independent of external control. This is the opposite of determinism.

The idea that everything changes over time, and that new things come into existence through the combination of elements, while others disappear through separation.

Anaxagoras' belief that change is caused by the dominance of particles, which determine their unique features and form new particles.

Democritus' explanation of change through the atomist theory, stating that atoms, the smallest, indivisible parts of matter, collide and separate in empty space, creating and destroying things.

The question of whether we perceive things as they truly are, or if our senses deceive us, creating an illusion of reality.

The belief that our senses are unreliable guides for understanding the true nature of the world.

Plato's concept of an ideal world of forms, where true knowledge exists, separate from the imperfect world we perceive through our senses.

The explanation of how one event influences or causes another event.

The material or substance from which something is made, representing one of the four types of causes.

A philosophical theory by Nicholas Malebranche suggesting that God directly causes all mental events, even those seemingly triggered by physical events in the body. The body acts, God connects the action to the mind.

A theory proposed by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz stating that God predetermined both physical events and mental states, creating a harmonious and synchronized interplay between them. The mind and body operate independently but according to a pre-established plan.

The ability to reason, think critically, and solve problems effectively. It involves the ability to go beyond simple thinking to engage in complex mental processes, such as analysis, judgment, and deduction.

An optical illusion that appears like a pool of water on a hot surface, often seen on roads or deserts.

The process of providing reasons or evidence to support or oppose an opinion or idea.

Statements or propositions offered as reasons or evidence to support an argument.

The proposition that is intended to be supported by the premises or evidence in an argument.

The structured arrangement of premises that support a conclusion, ensuring logical flow and coherence.

The process of using logical tools to identify and correct errors in reasoning.

Logic helps to ensure that conclusions reached are valid and supported by the evidence presented.

Using logical analysis and reasoning to reach valid conclusions in various fields, such as science, technology, and the arts.

Logic plays a vital role in promoting clarity and critical thinking, enhancing individual decision-making and problem-solving abilities.

The systematic study of reasoning, focusing on validity and soundness in arguments. It examines the structures of human thought and the rules for correct reasoning.

Logic's primary goal is to identify accurate methods for arriving at truth. It involves analyzing and evaluating arguments to ensure they are logically sound.

Logic aims to analyze and understand how we think and reason. It examines various aspects of reasoning to identify fallacies and improve our reasoning abilities.

Logic involves the systematic use of symbols and artificial languages to represent and analyze statements or propositions in a clear and unambiguous way.

Formal Logic focuses on structured and standardized forms of reasoning, using defined rules and symbols to evaluate arguments rigorously.

Logic's scope encompasses various aspects of human reasoning and activities related to the mind. It helps us to understand, interpret, and analyze information.

Logic's ability to uncover truth is limited by the capacity of the human mind. Errors in reasoning or faulty thinking processes can hinder the quest for true knowledge.

The quest for knowledge is often facilitated by logic. By applying logical reasoning, we can acquire and validate knowledge systematically.