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Questions and Answers
What is the process by which a rock type transforms into another rock type?
What is the process by which a rock type transforms into another rock type?
Which type of metamorphism occurs due to increased temperature from nearby magma?
Which type of metamorphism occurs due to increased temperature from nearby magma?
What characterizes a foliated metamorphic rock?
What characterizes a foliated metamorphic rock?
Which of the following is an example of a non-foliated metamorphic rock?
Which of the following is an example of a non-foliated metamorphic rock?
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What type of metamorphism is primarily associated with large-scale tectonic processes and pressure buildup?
What type of metamorphism is primarily associated with large-scale tectonic processes and pressure buildup?
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Which rock is formed from altered sedimentary rock?
Which rock is formed from altered sedimentary rock?
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What type of metamorphic rock is hornfels?
What type of metamorphic rock is hornfels?
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Which of the following processes is NOT associated with metamorphism?
Which of the following processes is NOT associated with metamorphism?
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What defines the texture of igneous rocks?
What defines the texture of igneous rocks?
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Which statement accurately distinguishes intrusive igneous rocks from extrusive igneous rocks?
Which statement accurately distinguishes intrusive igneous rocks from extrusive igneous rocks?
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Which process leads to the formation of magma?
Which process leads to the formation of magma?
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Which rock composition is associated with fine-grained texture?
Which rock composition is associated with fine-grained texture?
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What happens to magma as it cools between 700 °C and 1,250 °C?
What happens to magma as it cools between 700 °C and 1,250 °C?
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The process of rocks changing over time is described by which term?
The process of rocks changing over time is described by which term?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intrusive igneous rocks?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of intrusive igneous rocks?
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Which term refers to the mineral and chemical make-up of a rock?
Which term refers to the mineral and chemical make-up of a rock?
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What type of igneous rock is characterized by being light in color and primarily composed of feldspar and silicates?
What type of igneous rock is characterized by being light in color and primarily composed of feldspar and silicates?
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Which of the following textures describes a rock that has large crystals embedded in a fine-grained matrix?
Which of the following textures describes a rock that has large crystals embedded in a fine-grained matrix?
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What is the primary composition of basalt, making it dark in color?
What is the primary composition of basalt, making it dark in color?
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Which term refers to igneous rocks that have nearly equal proportions of light and dark colored minerals?
Which term refers to igneous rocks that have nearly equal proportions of light and dark colored minerals?
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What type of igneous rock forms from the rapid cooling of molten material and lacks visible mineral crystals?
What type of igneous rock forms from the rapid cooling of molten material and lacks visible mineral crystals?
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Which of the following textures is characterized by fine-grained rocks, where crystals can only be seen with the aid of a microscope?
Which of the following textures is characterized by fine-grained rocks, where crystals can only be seen with the aid of a microscope?
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What classification describes igneous rocks formed from lava that erupts and cools on the Earth's surface?
What classification describes igneous rocks formed from lava that erupts and cools on the Earth's surface?
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Which of the following characteristics is commonly associated with ultramafic rocks?
Which of the following characteristics is commonly associated with ultramafic rocks?
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Study Notes
Metamorphism
- Transformation of one rock type into another influenced by temperature and pressure.
- Resilient to solid-state changes; does not become liquid.
- Sources include pre-existing rocks: metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary.
Types of Metamorphism
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Contact Metamorphism
- Occurs when rocks are heated by nearby magma.
- Alters mineral composition, creating new minerals like Hornfels, which is fine-grained and non-foliated.
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Regional Metamorphism
- Involves pressure buildup from tectonic activities deep within the Earth.
- Causes deformation and chemical changes across large areas of crust.
Rock Texture
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Foliated Rocks
- Exhibit a planar arrangement of mineral grains.
- Gneiss is an example, characterized by its banded appearance and abundance of quartz or feldspar.
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Non-Foliated Rocks
- Lack any organized mineral alignment.
- Marble exemplifies this category, derived from limestone primarily composed of calcium carbonate.
Igneous Rock Types
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Felsic
- Light-colored rocks, rich in feldspar and silicates (e.g., Rhyolite).
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Mafic
- Dark-colored rocks composed mainly of magnesium, calcium, and iron (e.g., Basalt).
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Intermediate
- Rocks with a balanced mix of both light and dark minerals (e.g., Diorite).
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Ultramafic
- Composed largely of mafic minerals.
Igneous Rock Textures
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Aphanitic
- Fine-grained texture, crystals visible only under a microscope.
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Phaneritic
- Coarse-grained texture where crystals are noticeable without magnification.
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Porphyritic
- Contains large crystals embedded in a finer matrix.
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Glassy
- Appears like colored glass with no visible crystals, resulting from very rapid cooling (e.g., Obsidian).
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Pyroclastic
- Formed from explosive volcanic activity.
Igneous Rock Formation
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Magma forms through heating, pressure release, or compositional changes.
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Freezes at temperatures between 700 °C and 1,250 °C to solidify into rock.
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Intrusive Igneous Rocks
- Formed from magma that cools slowly below Earth's surface, showcasing larger crystals.
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Extrusive Igneous Rocks
- Created from lava that cools quickly on the surface, resulting in fine-grained textures.
Rock Composition and Classification
- Rocks are classified based on mineral content, formation processes, and textures.
- Petrology is the study of rocks, focusing on their composition and changes over time in the rock cycle.
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Description
Explore the process of metamorphism and how different rock types are formed. This quiz covers the transformation of rocks under heat and pressure and highlights examples like quartzite and marble. Test your knowledge on the characteristics and changes in various rock types.
