Metals and Their Reactions with Water
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Questions and Answers

What products are formed when sodium reacts with water?

  • Sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas (correct)
  • Sodium hydroxide and oxygen
  • Pressure increased and sodium vapor
  • Sodium oxide and hydrogen gas

What is the result of passing steam over zinc metal?

  • Zinc chloride and zinc oxide
  • Zinc hydroxide and hydrogen gas
  • Zinc oxide and no gas produced
  • Zinc oxide and hydrogen gas (correct)

Which metal reacts vigorously with water to form hydroxide and liberate hydrogen gas?

  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Calcium (correct)
  • Aluminum

What is produced when aluminum reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid?

<p>Aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when magnesium metal is reacted with cold water?

<p>It reacts slowly to form magnesium hydroxide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when iron reacts with moisture in the air over time?

<p>Rust (iron oxide) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of reaction occurs when metals react with dilute acids?

<p>Metal produces its respective salt and hydrogen gas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals does NOT react with cold water?

<p>Zinc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a chlorine ion after it gains an electron?

<p>One negative charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is primarily used for galvanizing iron?

<p>Zinc (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property do superconductors have at critical temperatures?

<p>Zero resistance to electrical currents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-metal is used for making matches?

<p>Phosphorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a use of mercury?

<p>Thermometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reactivity of copper when dipped in aluminum nitrate solution?

<p>Copper is less reactive than aluminum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which applications are radioactive metals primarily used?

<p>Producing atomic energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following non-metals is an exception in terms of hardness?

<p>Diamond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which state do most non-metals exist in at room temperature?

<p>Solid, liquid, or gaseous state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is chlorine utilized in water purification?

<p>As bleaching powder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used to prevent dental decay?

<p>Fluorine compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is NOT true for non-metals?

<p>Non-metals have luster at all times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of oxides do non-metals form when they react with oxygen?

<p>Respective oxides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following non-metals is an example of a liquid at room temperature?

<p>Bromine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Non-metals typically have which property regarding malleability?

<p>Non-metals are non-malleable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical density of gaseous non-metals?

<p>Low density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sodium stored in kerosene oil?

<p>To prevent it from reacting with air and water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is the most reactive based on the provided reactions?

<p>B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will occur when B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate?

<p>There will be a displacement reaction producing Cu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation represents the reaction of zinc with iron (II) sulphate?

<p>Zn + FeSO4 → ZnSO4 + Fe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced when dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with a reactive metal?

<p>Hydrogen gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you arrange the metals A, B, C, and D in order of their decreasing reactivity?

<p>B &gt; A &gt; C &gt; D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding occurs due to the complete transfer of valence electrons?

<p>Ionic bonding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would happen in the reaction of metal C with iron (II) sulphate?

<p>No reaction will occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason electrolysis methods are preferred for extracting certain metals?

<p>Water is not discharged at the cathode. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the roasting process of sulphide ores, what is primarily produced?

<p>Metal oxides and sulfur dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following chemical reactions illustrates the reduction of lead oxide using carbon?

<p>PbO + C → Pb + CO (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reducing agent is typically used in the thermite process?

<p>Aluminium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the auto-reduction process of copper extraction, what occurs following partial roasting?

<p>The remaining sulphides reduce the copper oxide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using more reactive metals in the reduction of less reactive metal compounds?

<p>It provides sufficient heat to melt the produced metals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is typically not used for the extraction of highly reactive metals like sodium?

<p>Electrolysis of aqueous solutions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the sulphide ores before being reduced to metal?

<p>They are converted into metal oxides. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sodium, potassium, and lithium stored in kerosene oil?

<p>To protect them from contact with air and moisture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of aluminium helps it resist corrosion?

<p>Its ability to form aluminium oxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason copper tarnishes when exposed to moist air?

<p>Reaction with carbon dioxide to form copper carbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about metals and non-metals?

<p>Metals form ionic bonds while non-metals form covalent bonds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a carbonate ore during the extraction of metals?

<p>It is converted into an oxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of citric acid from lemon or tamarind juice on tarnished copper?

<p>It neutralizes copper carbonate and dissolves the layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for metals?

<p>They do not react with salt solutions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do non-metals typically react with oxygen?

<p>To form acidic or neutral oxides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reaction of metals with water

Metals reacting with water to produce metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.

Sodium reacts with water

Sodium metal reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Aluminum reacts with steam

Aluminum reacts with steam, forming aluminum oxide and hydrogen gas.

Zinc reacts with steam

Zinc reacts with steam, forming zinc oxide and hydrogen gas.

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Metals react with dilute acid

Metals react with dilute acids to produce salts and hydrogen gas.

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Aluminum reacts with acid

Aluminum reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce aluminum chloride and hydrogen gas.

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Zinc reacts with acid

Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to produce zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas.

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Iron reacts with steam

Iron reacts with steam, forming Iron Oxide (rust) and hydrogen gas.

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Metals reactivity in displacement reactions

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution.

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Gold and copper in solution

Gold is less reactive than copper, so no reaction occurs when gold is dipped in a copper sulfate solution.

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Copper and aluminum in solution

Copper is less reactive than aluminum, so no reaction occurs when copper is dipped in an aluminum nitrate solution.

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Non-metals in physical states

Non-metals can exist as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature depending on their chemical makeup.

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Luster of non-metals

Non-metals generally lack luster, meaning they don't reflect light well, giving them a dull appearance.

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Malleability of non-metals

Non-metals are not malleable; they are brittle, meaning they break or shatter when hammered.

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Conductivity of non-metals

Most non-metals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. However, some forms of carbon, like graphite, are exceptions.

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Reaction of non-metals with oxygen

Non-metals react with oxygen to form their respective oxides.

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What do elements form to achieve stability?

Elements gain or lose electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, like the noble gases.

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What happens when Chlorine gains an electron?

Chlorine gains one electron, becoming a negatively charged chloride ion (Cl-) to achieve a stable octet configuration.

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What happens when Oxygen gains electrons?

Oxygen gains two electrons, becoming a negatively charged oxide ion (O2-) to achieve a stable octet configuration.

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What is galvanizing?

A process of coating iron with zinc to prevent rusting (corrosion).

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What are superconductors?

Materials with zero electrical Resistance at low temperatures.

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What is a use of Sulphur?

Sulphur is used to make sulphuric acid, a key industrial chemical.

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What's a use of Phosphorus?

Phosphorus is used in making firecrackers, due to its reactivity with oxygen.

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What's a use of Iodine?

Iodine is used to prevent thyroid problems.

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Why is sodium stored in kerosene?

Sodium is a very reactive metal that reacts explosively with air and water. To prevent fires and accidents, it's stored in kerosene oil, which prevents it from coming into contact with air and moisture.

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What happens when metals react with water?

Reactive metals like sodium, potassium, and calcium react vigorously with water, producing metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas. Less reactive metals like iron react with steam, forming metal oxides and hydrogen gas.

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What is produced when a reactive metal reacts with dilute acid?

A reactive metal reacting with dilute acids like hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produces a salt and hydrogen gas. For example, iron reacting with dilute sulfuric acid produces iron(II) sulfate and hydrogen gas.

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What happens when zinc is added to iron(II) sulfate?

Zinc is more reactive than iron. When zinc is added to a solution of iron(II) sulfate, zinc will displace iron from the solution, forming zinc sulfate and iron metal. This is a displacement reaction.

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How do you determine the order of reactivity of metals?

Comparing the reactions of metals with different solutions helps determine their reactivity. A metal that displaces another metal from its salt solution is more reactive. For example, if metal A displaces metal B from its salt solution, then A is more reactive than B.

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What is ionic bonding?

Ionic bonding involves the complete transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions). These ions are then attracted to each other due to electrostatic forces, forming an ionic compound.

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How does the reactivity of metals relate to ionic bonding?

The reactivity of metals is directly related to their tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions (cations). More reactive metals lose electrons more easily, forming cations with a greater stability. This tendency to lose electrons drives their reactivity in reactions.

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What are the products of a displacement reaction?

In a displacement reaction, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. The products are a new salt containing the more reactive metal and the displaced metal.

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Why are reactive metals stored in kerosene?

Sodium, potassium, and lithium are highly reactive metals that react vigorously with air and water. To prevent this, they are stored in kerosene, which acts as a protective layer, isolating them from oxygen and moisture.

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What is the protective layer on aluminum?

Aluminum, though reactive, is resistant to corrosion due to a thin, stable layer of aluminum oxide formed when it reacts with oxygen in the air. This oxide layer acts as a barrier, preventing further oxidation.

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Why are ores converted to oxides?

Metals are more easily extracted from their oxides than their carbonates or sulphides, making the conversion of carbonate and sulphide ores to oxides a crucial step in the extraction process.

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How do sour substances clean tarnished copper?

Copper reacts with moist carbon dioxide in the air, forming a green layer of copper carbonate, tarnishing the surface. Citric acid in lemon or tamarind neutralizes the basic copper carbonate, dissolving the layer and restoring the copper's shine.

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What is the key difference between metals and non-metals chemically?

Metals readily lose electrons (electropositive), forming basic oxides, ionic bonds, and reacting with water to form oxides and hydroxides. Non-metals gain electrons (electronegative), forming acidic or neutral oxides, covalent bonds, and do not react with water.

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How do metals react with acids?

Metals react with dilute acids to form salts and hydrogen gas. However, some metals like copper, silver, gold, platinum, and mercury are less reactive and do not react with acids.

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What happens in displacement reactions?

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. This occurs because the more reactive metal has a stronger tendency to lose electrons.

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What are oxidizing and reducing agents?

Metals act as reducing agents, readily losing electrons to reduce another substance. Non-metals act as oxidizing agents, gaining electrons and oxidizing another substance.

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Extracting Highly Reactive Metals

Highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium require special methods for extraction due to their high reactivity, making traditional reduction methods impractical. Electrolysis of their fused compounds, like NaCl for sodium, is the preferred method.

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Roasting Sulphide Ores

Sulphide ores, common sources for metals like zinc, iron, and copper, are converted into oxides by heating them strongly in air, a process called roasting. This is necessary before reducing them to metal.

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Reducing Metal Oxides with Carbon

Many metal oxides can be reduced to the metal by using coke (a form of carbon) at high temperatures. This process produces carbon monoxide as a byproduct.

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Iron Extraction in a Blast Furnace

Iron is extracted in a blast furnace by reducing iron oxide with carbon monoxide. The process involves layering iron ore, coke, and limestone.

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Auto-Reduction of Sulphide Ores

In copper extraction, sulphide ore is partially roasted to form oxide. Then, the remaining sulphide reacts with the oxide at high temperatures, directly forming copper metal.

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Thermite Process

Highly reactive metals like aluminum are used as reducing agents in the thermite process. They displace less reactive metals from their oxides, generating a lot of heat, often producing molten metals.

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Using More Reactive Metals for Reduction

Metals like titanium can be extracted from their compounds using more reactive metals like magnesium or sodium as reducing agents. This process is often used for high-melting point metals.

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Joining Railway Tracks: Thermite Process

The reaction of iron oxide with aluminum in the thermite process is used to join railway tracks. The generated heat melts the iron, allowing it to fuse with the tracks.

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Study Notes

Metals and Non-metals

  • Metals are mostly solids at room temperature, except mercury which is liquid.
  • Non-metals can be solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature.
  • Metals generally have a shiny surface (luster).
  • Non-metals generally do not have a shiny surface.
  • Metals are typically good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Non-metals are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, except for graphite (a form of carbon).
  • Metals are usually malleable (can be hammered into sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into wires).
  • Non-metals are usually brittle.
  • Metals are typically hard, except for sodium and potassium which are soft.
  • Non-metals can vary in hardness.
  • Metals generally have high density.
  • Non-metals generally have low density.
  • Metals generally have high melting and boiling points.
  • Non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points.
  • Metals generally have a grey color, but some are exceptions (gold, copper).

Chemical Properties of Metals

  • Most metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.
  • Alkali metals react vigorously with oxygen.
  • Some metals react with water to form metal hydroxides and hydrogen gas.
  • Alkali metals react very vigorously with water.
  • Many metals react with dilute acids to form metal salts and hydrogen gas.
  • Some metals do not react with water (e.g. copper, gold, silver).

Chemical Properties of Non-metals

  • Non-metals react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides (acidic).
  • Non-metals react with chlorine to form non-metal chlorides.

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Description

This quiz explores the reactions of various metals with water and acids. Test your knowledge on the products formed when sodium, magnesium, and aluminum react, as well as the behavior of metals like zinc and iron. Each question will challenge your understanding of metal reactivity and chemical processes.

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