Metals and Alloys Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mineral used to extract aluminium?

  • Copper oxide
  • Bauxite (correct)
  • Iron ore
  • Limestone

Which of the following metals is NOT listed as a main metal used in building envelopes?

  • Zinc
  • Iron (correct)
  • Nickel
  • Copper

What is the process used to convert bauxite into aluminium?

  • Electrolysis (correct)
  • Calcination
  • Fractional distillation
  • Filtration

At what temperature is aluminium melted?

<p>657 °C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is NOT characteristic of aluminium?

<p>Heavy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lead?

<p>Is easily scratched by fingernails (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is extracted from an ore that contains 78.6% tin?

<p>Tin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is known for its high corrosion resistance and is used in making cans?

<p>Tin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which metal is used in making nickel steels and coins?

<p>Nickel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following metals is considered a noble metal?

<p>Silver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about titanium is TRUE?

<p>It is used in its oxide form for making paints, paper, and plastics. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes noble metals from other metals?

<p>Resistance to corrosion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of lead in the building envelope?

<p>Waterproofing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of Duralumin?

<p>It is highly resistant to corrosion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which alloying elements are primarily used in Duralumin?

<p>Copper and magnesium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main uses of Duralumin?

<p>Aircraft construction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Duralumin when it is rolled and heat treated?

<p>It gains high strength. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of Duralumin makes it suitable for structural applications?

<p>Its lightweight nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical composition of Duralumin regarding its copper content?

<p>3-5% copper. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of Aluminium in building envelopes?

<p>Load-bearing beams. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Duralumin favored in the aerospace industry?

<p>It has excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary alloy used for coin production mentioned?

<p>Bronze (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes zinc suitable for use as a protective coating against corrosion?

<p>Resistance to atmospheric corrosion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color is bronze typically described as compared to copper?

<p>Darker than copper (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of zinc?

<p>Coinage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of copper is typically found in bronze?

<p>95% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily used to remove iron impurities from zinc ore?

<p>Electromagnetic separation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ore that lead is extracted from?

<p>Lead sulphide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following materials is characterized as the weakest metal?

<p>Lead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property makes terracotta suitable as casing for steel columns and beams?

<p>Fire resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used for transparent glazing in terracotta?

<p>Salt glazing method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to create a slip for opaque glazing?

<p>Felspar, flint, and lead oxide combined with a mixture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of terracotta is specifically mentioned for its use in sound insulation?

<p>Porous terracotta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true about magnalium?

<p>Very poor mechanical properties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fully burnt earthenwares known as biscuits after being dipped in slip?

<p>They absorb water and form a glaze layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of coating duralumin with aluminium?

<p>To improve its corrosion resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ore contains the highest percentage of copper?

<p>Copper glance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property makes copper very suitable for electrical applications?

<p>Good conductivity of heat and electricity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about brass is correct?

<p>Brass resembles gold closely with 80-85% of copper. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to copper when it undergoes oxidation?

<p>It turns greenish. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of copper?

<p>Weldability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of magnalium in engineering?

<p>Manufacturing engine parts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bauxite

A sedimentary rock with a high concentration of aluminum, used as the primary source for extracting this metal.

Electrolysis (in Aluminum Production)

The process of separating aluminum from impurities in bauxite ore using an electric current.

Aluminum

A silver-white metal that is malleable, ductile, lightweight, strong, and durable. It also has a good electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity.

Tempering Aluminum

The process of heating aluminum to a specific temperature to change its properties, making it harder and stronger.

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Melting Point of Aluminum

The temperature at which aluminum melts.

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Alloying

The process of combining different metals to create a new material with improved characteristics.

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Duralumin

An alloy of aluminium containing copper, magnesium, manganese and silicon. It is strong, light and resistant to corrosion.

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Corrosion resistance

The ability to resist deterioration from environmental factors like moisture, air, and chemicals.

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Fabrication

The practice of shaping metal into desired forms.

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Building envelope

The outermost layer of a building, including walls, roof, windows, and doors.

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Heat treatment

The process of heating and cooling metal to change its properties, like strength and ductility.

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Aluminium applications in Building Envelope

Aluminium alloys are used in various building applications, including the building envelope. They are chosen for strength, lightweight, and corrosion resistance.

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Magnalium

An aluminium alloy containing 6% magnesium, known for its good mechanical properties, lighter weight compared to pure aluminium, and ease of working. Used in automotive engine parts and wheel rims.

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Aldural

An aluminium alloy coated with aluminium for improved corrosion resistance.

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Extracting Copper

Copper is extracted from ores like chalcopyrite, malachite, and copper glance. The extraction process involves smelting, resulting in 'blister copper' with impurities.

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Copper Properties

Copper is a reddish metal, turning greenish due to oxidation (reaction with air). It is malleable, ductile, and can be worked in hot and cold conditions but is not weldable. A good conductor of heat and electricity, with high tensile strength.

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Brass

A copper alloy containing 60-90% copper and 10-40% zinc. Color ranges from silvery white (low copper) to red (high copper). It can be cast or wrought, with cast brass being stronger.

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Copper Alloys (General)

A copper alloy used in various applications, known for its decorative appeal and resistance to corrosion. Examples include roofing, cladding, and architectural features.

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Terracotta

A type of ceramic material made from fired clay, often used in construction and decorative applications.

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Gold-Colored Brass

A copper alloy with 80-85% copper, resembling gold in appearance. Used for decorative purposes.

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Polished Terracotta

Terracotta that has a high concentration of glass, giving it a polished, smooth finish.

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Brass Applications

Brass is a strong and durable material with various applications due to its properties. Examples include musical instruments, plumbing fixtures, and decorative elements.

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Glazing

The process of applying a glass-like coating to ceramic materials, resulting in a durable and often decorative finish.

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Transparent Glazing

Glazing that allows light to pass through, creating a transparent effect.

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Opaque Glazing

Glazing that is opaque, meaning it blocks the light.

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Lead

A chemical element with a blue-gray color when freshly cut, that tarnishes to a dull gray when exposed to air. It is known for its malleability, high corrosion resistance, and melting point of 327°C. Lead is commonly used in paints, automobile batteries, and other applications.

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Tin

A silvery-white, lustrous metal known for its malleability and resistance to corrosion. It melts at 232°C and is used in making cans, bronze alloys, and other applications.

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Nickel

A silver-colored metal with a melting point of 1500°C. Nickel is often used in the production of nickel steels, coins, and as a coating for other metals.

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Titanium

A strong, lightweight metal, less dense than steel. It is highly resistant to corrosion and commonly used in alloys with iron and aluminum for its strength and corrosion resistance. Titanium oxide is widely used in paints, paper formation, and plastics.

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Noble Metals

Metals like gold, silver, and platinum that resist corrosion and do not readily react with air. These metals are often used for their decorative and valuable properties in architecture and other applications.

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Bronze

A copper alloy containing tin and other metals, known for its durability, strength, and distinctive color. It is used across various applications, including construction, art, and coinage.

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Zinc Blende

The main source of zinc, a sulfide ore that is calcined in a furnace to remove sulfur and impurities. The resulting zinc is used for various applications, including corrosion protection and brass production.

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Zinc Properties

Zinc is known for its malleability (easily shaped) and resistance to corrosion. It's used to produce brass, some bronzes, and serves as a protective coating against corrosion.

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Zinc in Building Envelopes

A common application of zinc in building construction is as a protective coating against corrosion on metal surfaces. Zinc is also used in architectural features, roofing, and other areas.

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Lead (Properties)

A metallic element that is soft, dense, and malleable, making it suitable for various applications, including batteries, pipes, and protective coatings.

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Rust

A type of corrosion that occurs when a metal is exposed to an iron-rich environment, causing a reddish buildup on the metal's surface.

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Study Notes

Building Materials

  • Building materials are categorized by their envelope types:
    • Metal envelope
    • Clay product envelope

Metal Envelope

  • Common metals for building envelopes include aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, nickel, and titanium.
  • Aluminum manufacturing process: Raw bauxite is subjected to roasting, filtering, grinding, and heating to extract aluminum. Electrolysis is used to purify the metal.
  • Aluminum properties: Silver-white color, malleable, ductile, light, strong, durable, low thermal conductivity, good electrical conductor, tempered at 350°C, melts at 657°C, corrosion-resistant.
  • Aluminum Applications: Wiring, food containers, building facades.

Copper Envelope

  • Copper is extracted from ores like chalcopyrite and malachite.
  • Copper extraction involves smelting.
  • Crude copper, called blister copper, is purified through electrolysis.
  • Copper properties: Bright red-dish shine, turns greenish when oxidized, malleable, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity and not weldable, high tensile strength.
  • Copper Applications: Wiring, building roofing, statues, decorative components.

Brass Envelope

  • Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc (60-90% copper and 10-40% zinc).
  • Brass can be cast or wrought.
  • Cast brasses are stronger than copper alone.
  • Other elements like tin, aluminium, and lead are also used in brass alloys.
  • Brass color varies with copper content; ranging from silvery white to reddish.
  • Brass applications includes decorative hardware for doors and other parts of buildings.

Bronze Envelope

  • Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin with additional elements.
  • Bronze has a darker colour than copper.
  • Bronze is more malleable than brass.
  • A common application for bronze is coins and bells.
  • Bronze applications in building envelopes includes exterior cladding panels.

Zinc Envelope

  • The main ore for zinc is zinc blende (a sulfide ore).
  • Zinc ore is calcined to expel sulfur.
  • Additional impurities, like iron, are removed using an electromagnet.
  • Zinc is resistant to atmospheric corrosion
  • Easily malleable
  • Used in brass and some types of bronze alloys
  • Used as protective coating against corrosion
  • Properties include a light grey color and tarnishes from contact with water.
  • Zinc applications include roofing, facades, and galvanization of other metals.

Lead Envelope

  • Lead is mainly used in its pure form.
  • Lead is the densest, softest, and weakest metal.
  • The principal lead ore is lead sulfide.
  • Lead extraction involves removing sulfur.
  • Melting in a furnace removes additional impurities like zinc, copper, and arsenic.
  • Lead properties include malleability (can be hammered into thin sheets), and a blue-gray color when freshly cut and tarnishes to a dull gray when exposed to air. Its melting point is 327°C and it's highly corrosion-resistant.
  • Lead applications include roofing (especially older buildings), in paints, and as a component in some types of battery electrodes.

Tin Envelope

  • Tin is extracted from the black oxide of tin.
  • Extraction involves crushing, roasting, and melting of the ore.
  • Tin properties include: a silvery-white lustrous, extremely malleable (can be cut by a knife), harder, and more ductile than lead. It has relatively low tensile strength. It has a melting point of 232°C and is highly resistant to corrosion.
  • Tin applications include a major component in the creation of cans used for food storage. It is also used to coat steel and produce alloys like bronze.

Nickel Envelope

  • Nickel is extracted from pyrites or silicate ores.
  • Nickel has a silver color
  • Nickel has a high melting point (~1500°C)
  • Nickel is an alloying agent in nickel steels production
  • Nickel is also used to coat other metals.

Titanium Envelope

  • Titanium is a strong but less dense metal.
  • It can be used as an alloying agent for other metals.
  • It resists corrosion and can be used in contact with sea water.
  • Titanium applications extend to exterior cladding in buildings and architectural structures.

Noble Metals

  • Noble metals resist corrosion and do not react with air, including gold, silver, and platinum.
  • Noble metal applications in architecture are decorative components.

Clay Products Envelope

  • Common clay products used for building envelopes include bricks, roof tiles, terracotta, and glazing.
  • Roof tile characteristics include Uniform texture, Accurate size and shape, Water absorption less than 15%, and Durability.
  • Types of tiling include plain tiling, pan tiling, Spanish tiling, and Italian tiling.
  • Terracotta properties include imperviousness, hardness, and a relatively low cost. It's resistant to weathering when properly made. Burning temperatures are between 1100-1200°C.
  • Terracotta can be used in varied forms, that include but are not limited to, ornamental works

Transparent and Opaque Glazing

  • Transparent glazing: Uses a salt glazing method applying sodium chloride to the clay during its peak firing (1200-1300°C). This solution creates a transparent layer.
  • Opaque glazing (enamelling): Borax, kaolin, chalk, and coloring materials are fired with fluxes like felspar, flint, and lead oxide. A liquid slip is applied to the fired ceramic material to form a coating.

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Test your knowledge on the properties and uses of various metals and alloys in this engaging quiz. From aluminium extraction to the characteristics of noble metals, challenge yourself with questions that cover a range of topics related to metallurgy. Perfect for students studying materials science or interested in engineering.

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