Metals and Acids
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Questions and Answers

What is the general result when an acid reacts with a metal?

  • Salt + Carbon Dioxide
  • Salt + Hydrogen (correct)
  • Salt + Oxygen
  • Salt + Water

Which of the following metals reacts with steam but not with cold water?

  • Calcium
  • Sodium
  • Magnesium (correct)
  • Lithium

Which of these is a property of an acid?

  • They have a pH greater than 7
  • They are corrosive (correct)
  • They are not conductors of electricity
  • They turn litmus paper blue

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

<p>$H_2SO_4$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you expect to observe when a metal reacts with an acid?

<p>Fizzing or Bubbling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the observations when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

<p>A bright white light and a white powder forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What state symbol represents a substance dissolved in water?

<p>(aq) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen?

<p>Oxidation reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific name for the reaction when iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water?

<p>Rusting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is observed when a lit splint is used to test for hydrogen gas?

<p>A squeaky pop sound is heard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

<p>Two or more substances combined but not chemically bonded. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a substance that cannot dissolve?

<p>Insoluble (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the options is the definition of a solvent?

<p>A liquid or gas that dissolves a solute. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which separation technique is best for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid?

<p>Filtration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a substance made of only one type of atom called?

<p>An element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

On the periodic table, where are metals typically located?

<p>To the left of the stepped line (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical property of non-metals?

<p>Brittle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of metals?

<p>Malleable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group in the periodic table?

<p>A column (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements is in Group 1 (the alkali metals)?

<p>Lithium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Group 1 elements?

<p>Alkali Metals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically observed when lithium is added to water?

<p>Fizzing and slow movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced, when Group 1 metals react with water?

<p>Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a metal?

Elements to the left of the periodic table's 'stepped line,' known for conducting electricity and heat.

What is acid?

A corrosive solution with a pH less than 7.

Metals reacting with cold water?

Potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium.

Metal + Acid reaction signs?

Fizzing/bubbling, metal dissolving, and a temperature increase.

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Metal + Acid equation?

Metal + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen

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Oxidation Reaction

A reaction where a substance combines with oxygen.

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Displacement Reaction

A reaction where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one from a compound.

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Rusting

When iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust).

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Metal Ore

A compound in the Earth's crust that contains a metal.

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Test for Hydrogen

  1. Use a lit splint.
  2. A 'squeaky pop' indicates hydrogen.
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Mixture

A substance made of two or more substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded.

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Solvent

A liquid or gas that dissolves a solute.

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Solute

The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

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Saturated Solution

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a specific temperature.

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Evaporation

The process of a liquid changing into a gas.

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Metals vs. Non-metals on Periodic Table

Metals are on the left, non-metals on the right, divided by a 'stepped line'.

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Typical Properties of Non-metals

Poor conductors, brittle, can be solids, liquids, or gases, and have a dull appearance.

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Typical Properties of Metals

Good conductors, ductile, malleable, shiny, usually solids with high melting/boiling points.

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What is a 'Group'?

A vertical column in the periodic table.

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What is a 'Period'?

A horizontal row in the periodic table.

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Group 1 Elements

Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Caesium (Cs).

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Reactivity Trend in Group 1

They become MORE reactive as you go down the group.

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Reactivity Trend in Group 7

The elements get LESS reactive as you descend the group.

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Sublimation

Changing directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

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Study Notes

  • A metal is defined as an element on the left side of the stepped line on the periodic table and are good conductors of electricity and heat.
  • An acid is a solution with a pH value of less than 7 and is corrosive.
  • Potassium, sodium, lithium, and calcium are the only metals that react with cold water.
  • Magnesium is the only metal that reacts with steam but not cold water.
  • Copper, Silver, and Gold are the metals that do not react with acids.
  • When a metal reacts with an acid, observe the following: Fizzing/bubbling, the metal gets smaller, and the temperature rises.
  • Hydrochloric acid's formula is HCl
  • Sulfuric Acid's formula: H2SO4
  • Nitric acid's formula is HNO3
  • When hydrochloric acid reacts with a Metal that is the end of the salt name? The name ends with 'chloride'.
  • When nitric acid reacts with a Metal that is the end of the salt name? The name ends with 'nitrate'.
  • When sulfuric acid reacts with a Metal that is the end of the salt name? The name ends with 'sulfate'.
  • Metals reacting with acid have the following general equation: Metal + Acid -> Salt + Hydrogen (MASH).
  • Metals reacting with oxygen have the following general formula: Metal + oxygen -> metal oxide.
  • when magnesium reacts with oxygen you will observe: A bright white light and a white powder forms.

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Description

Metals are conductors of electricity and heat, reacting differently with acids. Some metals react with cold water or steam, while others resist acids. The reaction with acids produces salts, named based on the acid used.

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