Metallic Materials Testing
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Questions and Answers

What does the Rockwell hardness tester measure?

  • Depth to which the penetrator sinks into the material (correct)
  • Diameter of the impression
  • Temperature of the material
  • Weight of the material

How is the depth of penetration represented by the Rockwell hardness tester?

  • In thousandths of an inch
  • In Brinell numbers
  • In Celsius scale
  • In Rockwell numbers on a red or black scale (correct)

What does the Brinell hardness tester measure?

  • Weight of the material
  • Temperature of the material
  • Depth to which the penetrator sinks into the material (correct)
  • Density of the material

What kind of load is initially applied by the Rockwell hardness tester?

<p>Minor load (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is tensile strength of ferrous metal tested?

<p>By applying a longitudinal load and measuring the resulting deformation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Rockwell hardness tester indicate in its test results?

<p>Depth of penetration in Rockwell numbers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the properties tested for in metallic materials after a heat-treatment process?

<p>Tensile strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardness testing method uses a hydraulic force to impress a spherical penetrator into the surface of a metal sample?

<p>Brinell method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically used to measure the hardness of metals?

<p>Calibrated microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to test metallic materials after a heat-treatment process?

<p>To ensure desired qualities have been achieved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is often correlated with the hardness of most metals?

<p>Tensile strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Brinell number calculated in the Brinell hardness testing method?

<p>By converting the impression diameter measured with a calibrated microscope (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fatigue strength testing?

<p>To establish the stress level at which structural failure will occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is fatigue life determined in fatigue strength testing?

<p>By measuring the number of cycles completed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key purpose of airframe fatigue testing for aircraft?

<p>To identify causes of premature fatigue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are aircraft components benefited from fatigue strength tests?

<p>By determining their fatigue life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does tensile testing differ from fatigue strength testing?

<p>Tensile testing focuses on static strength, while fatigue strength testing examines cyclic loading. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to conduct airframe fatigue tests on aircraft?

<p>To predict potential structural failures and develop maintenance programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Izod and Charpy impact tests?

<p>The beam configuration used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which impact testing method is most commonly used for metals today?

<p>Charpy V-notch impact test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the specimen in the Charpy V-notch impact test?

<p>Bar of square cross section (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of hammer is used in impact resistance testing?

<p>Pendulum hammer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pendulum in the Charpy V-notch impact test after striking the specimen at the notch?

<p>Continues its swing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Izod impact test, what type of beam configuration is used?

<p>Cantilevered configuration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Brinell Hardness Test

A hardness test that measures the diameter of the indentation made by a spherical penetrator on a metal surface.

Brinell Number

A number representing the hardness of a material, based on the diameter of the indentation made by a spherical penetrator.

Rockwell Hardness Test

A hardness test that measures the depth of penetration of a penetrator into a metal surface.

Rockwell Number

A number representing the hardness of a material, based on the depth of penetration of a penetrator.

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Tensile Strength

The ability of a material to withstand a pulling force without breaking.

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Tensile Strength Testing

A test that measures the tensile strength of a metal by applying a longitudinal load and plotting the load against the resulting elongations.

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Impact Resistance

A measure of how resistant a metal is to breaking under impact.

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Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Test

A common impact testing method that involves striking a V-notched specimen with a pendulum hammer.

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Impact Strength

The force required to fracture a notched specimen under impact.

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Fatigue Strength

The maximum stress a material can withstand before fatigue failure occurs.

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Fatigue Strength Testing

A test that involves subjecting a specially shaped test piece to repeated tension and compression stresses to determine fatigue failure.

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Fatigue Life

The number of stress cycles a material can withstand before fatigue failure occurs.

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Airframe Fatigue Testing

Tests conducted on aircraft to determine the likelihood and causes of fatigue damage or wear.

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Material Testing

The process of applying a standard load to a test piece to measure a specific property of a material.

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Test Piece

A test piece used to measure a specific material property.

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Impact Test Specimen

A test piece used to measure the impact resistance of a metal.

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Representative Testing

The use of a test piece of the same material and thickness as the component being tested.

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Impact Test

A test that measures the resistance of a metal to impact.

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Pendulum Impact Test

A type of impact test that uses a pendulum hammer to strike a notched specimen.

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Charpy Impact Test

A widely used impact test that involves striking a V-notched specimen with a weighted pendulum hammer.

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Izod Impact Test

A type of impact test that differs from the Charpy test in the beam configuration used.

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Tensile Load

The load applied to a material during a tensile strength test.

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Elongation

The change in length of a material under tensile load.

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Fatigue Limit

The stress level at which a material will break under repeated loading.

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Rotating Bend Fatigue Test

A test that uses a rotating machine to apply repeated tension and compression stresses to a test piece.

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Study Notes

Hardness Testing

  • The Brinell hardness tester measures the diameter of the impression made by a spherical penetrator on a metal surface, which is then converted to a Brinell number.
  • The Rockwell hardness tester measures the depth of penetration of a penetrator into a metal surface, indicated by a Rockwell number on a red or black scale.

Rockwell Hardness Tester

  • Uses minor and major loads, with three types of penetrators and three major loads available.
  • Provides the same information as the Brinell tester, but measures the depth of penetration instead of the diameter of the impression.

Tensile Strength Testing

  • Tests the tensile strength of a ferrous metal by applying a longitudinal load to a sample and plotting the load against the resulting elongations on a graph.
  • Provides data on the strength of a metal.

Testing of Metallic Materials

  • Testing is carried out with a test piece of the same material and thickness as the component being tested.
  • Properties tested for include hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength, and impact resistance.

Impact Resistance Testing

  • The Charpy and Izod impact tests measure the impact resistance (or impact strength) of a metal.
  • Both tests involve a pendulum hammer fracturing a notched piece of material with one blow.
  • The main difference between the two tests is the beam configuration used.

Charpy V-Notch (CVN) Technique

  • A common impact testing method used for metals.
  • Involves a specimen with a V-notch, which is struck by a weighted pendulum hammer.
  • The pendulum continues its swing, rising to a maximum final height, which is lower than the initial height.

Fatigue Strength Testing

  • Establishes the stress level at which structural failure will occur.
  • Involves a specially shaped test piece subjected to tension and compression stresses in a rotating machine.
  • The number of cycles completed is measured to determine fatigue failure, which is then classified as fatigue life.

Airframe Fatigue Testing

  • Aircraft are subjected to fatigue tests to determine the likelihood and causes of premature fatigue damage or wear on the airplane's structure and structural components.
  • Provides data for the development of maintenance programs.

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Description

Learn about the testing of metallic materials after heat treatment to ensure desired qualities such as hardness, tensile strength, fatigue strength, and impact resistance. Find out how testing is done using a test piece matching the material and thickness of the component.

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