WK 12: Metabolic and Regulatory Response to Food Intake

What is the accuracy of identifying if a person is lean/obese using metagenomic sequencing data?

70%
60%
80%
90% (correct)

What is the percentage of accuracy when comparing whole genomes to identify if a person is lean/obese?

70%
80%
60% (correct)
90%

What is the name of the circulating C-terminal product associated with Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome?

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch
Hypotonia
Asprosin (correct)
Lipodystrophy

What is a characteristic of germ-free mice inoculated with microbiota from obese or lean human twins?

They become lean or obese based on the microbiota (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome?

Intrauterine growth retardation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of the increasing epidemic of obesity and T2D?

Evolved bugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leptin in the body?

To turn on the starvation response (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of leptin therapy in individuals with leptin deficiency?

Improved insulin sensitivity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the MC4R pathway?

To promote satiety (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate ratio of microbial genes to human genes in the gut microbiota?

20:1 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of similarity in gut biota between individuals?

10% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the receptor involved in regulating feeding pathways in the brain?

MC4R (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic oxyntomodulin treatment on rats?

They lose more weight than pair-fed controls (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adiponectin in the body?

Regulating appetite and food intake (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of leptin in the body?

Signaling the hypothalamus that fat stores are adequate (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a 4-week study on overweight and obese volunteers treated with oxyntomodulin?

The oxyntomodulin-treated group lost an average of 0.45 kg per week (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between adiponectin levels and human eating disorders?

Altered circulating adiponectin levels have been observed in human eating disorders (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of fat as an endocrine organ?

It is the largest endocrine organ (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Arcuate Nucleus (ARC) in the regulation of feeding?

Sensing hormonal and nutritional signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genes is primarily associated with obesity?

Asprosin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of high body fat on appetite regulation?

Suppresses appetite and promotes energy expenditure (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is involved in the long-term regulation of feeding behaviour?

Reward and motivation pathway (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) in the regulation of feeding?

Modulating the reward response to food (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with healthy body weight?

Priming the reward pathway (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is GLP-1 released into the circulation?

By peripheral administration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxyntomodulin in reducing food intake?

It might have different roles in energy homeostasis compared to GLP-1 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the processing of the preproglucagon precursor protein to produce biologically active peptide?

It leads to the production of a 30 amino acid peptide (A) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does GLP-1 have on food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly to rodents?

Reduces food intake (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does oxyntomodulin's affinity for the GLP-1 receptor compare to GLP-1?

Oxyntomodulin has a much lower affinity than GLP-1 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does GLP-1 play in energy homeostasis?

Reduces food intake (A) Signup and view all the answers