Microbiota and Fecal Transplant Quiz

Process of sequencing specific regions of the genome that are of interest.

Sequences all the protein-coding regions of the genome.

Sequences the entire genome, including coding and non-coding regions.

Using genetic information for ancestry tracing, health insights, and other personal information.

Applying NGS technology to analyze a range of health and wellness aspects.

A center that performs clinical NGS testing for diagnostic purposes.

Combines genealogy with DNA analysis to trace family history and relationships.

Utilizing NGS for various research and clinical applications in pharmaceuticals.

Clinical NGS using Ion Torrent technology for FFPE samples.

Provides a full spectrum of genomics services, from sequencing to analysis.

A treatment that involves transplanting gut microbiota from a healthy donor to a patient to restore the balance of gut microbiota.

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health, and an imbalance can lead to various diseases.

Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) aims to restore the balance of gut microbiota by introducing healthy bacteria into the patient's gut, which then interacts with the host's immune system to aid in recovery.

Metagenome analysis helps us understand the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, its stability, and potential variations between healthy and diseased individuals. This information can be used to identify potential diagnoses and treatments.

One of the three factors contributing to disease includes the gut microbiota. This acknowledges the importance of the microbiome in health and disease.

The complete set of genetic instructions in an organism, including both coding and noncoding regions. It's essentially the blueprint of life.

A key evolutionary advantage of a digital medium for storing genetic information is its ability to persist through many generations. Unlike analog signals, which degrade over time, digital information remains stable.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a monumental effort to map and sequence the complete human genome. It involved scientists from around the world and was a massive undertaking.

CRISPR is a revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows scientists to precisely modify DNA sequences. It has the potential to cure genetic diseases and create new therapies.

The sheer volume of data generated by genome sequencing is enormous and requires specialized tools and techniques for analysis and interpretation.

The amount of DNA in a human body, if stretched out, would reach to the sun and back over 600 times. This illustrates the vast scale of genetic information.

The average human body contains approximately 37.2 trillion cells, each containing a complete copy of the genome.

The total length of all the DNA in a human genome is 3 billion base pairs, which is about 2 meters long if stretched out.

A file format for storing DNA sequences, containing information about each read, the actual sequence, a delimiter, and base quality scores.

A file format used to store aligned reads, providing information about the position, quality, and structure of each read.

A file format that stores variant calls, which are variations in the DNA sequence compared to a reference.

A process in which reads are aligned to a reference genome to identify their positions.

A process in which reads aligned to the reference genome are checked for duplicates, which are non-independent measurements of a sequence arising from the same DNA template.

A common approach to identify differences in microbiome composition between healthy tissues (e.g., in this example, normal tissue) and cancer tissues (e.g., CRC). It involves comparing the abundance of specific bacterial taxa or genes between the two tissue types using statistical tests.

A sequencing approach where all DNA in a sample is sequenced, allowing for a comprehensive view of the microbiome, including identification of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, even at the species level.

A sequencing approach where only the 16S rRNA gene is targeted, offering a less comprehensive view of the microbiome but at a lower cost. It allows for identification of bacteria, but primarily down to the genus level.

The removal of host DNA from the sample before sequencing to reduce noise and ensure accurate microbiome analysis.

The process of processing raw sequencing data into meaningful information about the microbiome composition and function.

The complete set of genetic instructions in an organism, including DNA sequences.

The complete set of RNA transcripts in an organism, reflecting gene expression.

The complete set of chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins, influencing gene expression.

The complete set of genetic material of all the microorganisms in a particular environment, such as the human gut.

The collection of microorganisms that live in a specific environment, such as the human gut.

Live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide a health benefit to the host.

The study of how the microbiome influences health and disease.

The analysis of gene expression levels in RNA samples, revealing which genes are active in a particular cell or tissue.

Comparing gene expression levels between different groups to identify genes that are differentially regulated.

Analyzing RNA sequencing data to identify alternative splicing events, where a single gene can produce multiple protein variants.

Identifying new transcripts in RNA sequencing data that are not yet annotated in databases.

Analyzing RNA sequencing data to determine the expression levels of different alleles of a gene, providing insights into gene regulation and disease.

Using RNA sequencing data to detect mutations in RNA, which can be used to diagnose diseases and understand gene function.

Detecting fusion genes in RNA sequencing data, which can occur when two genes are joined together, often associated with cancer.

Analyzing RNA sequencing data to identify and quantify RNA editing events, where the sequence of RNA is modified after transcription.