Metabolites and Analysis Techniques Quiz

Examples include amino acids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids.

Examples include alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids.

The Shikimic acid pathway produces aromatic amino acids like phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.

<p>The Amino acid pathway primarily forms proteins and various related compounds like neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instruments include mass spectrometers and gamma spectrometers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methods include injection, infusion, and topical application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary metabolites are essential for basic life processes, while secondary metabolites often have ecological functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is important for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids and various secondary metabolites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiotracer techniques are used in medical imaging, agricultural studies, and hydrology to track the movement of substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare a labelled compound, you typically introduce a radioactive isotope into a stable compound through chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criteria should include the element's chemical stability, radioactivity level, and its ability to mimic the behavior of non-radioactive counterparts in biological systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantages include high sensitivity, the ability to monitor dynamic processes in real-time, and minimal invasiveness in biological research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Shikimic acid pathway is crucial for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acetate pathway involves the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA, which is then utilized in biosynthetic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiotracer techniques are particularly useful in diagnosing medical conditions, studying metabolic processes, and in environmental monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trace elements serve as markers that allow researchers to track biological processes and pathways in living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring compounds that primarily contain basic nitrogen atoms. Examples include morphine and caffeine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Examples are peppermint oil and eucalyptus oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resins are solid or semisolid substances obtained from organic sources, rich in terpenes. Examples include pine resin and myrrh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mentha contains menthol, menthone, and various other terpenes. It is primarily used for flavoring, in medicinal products, and in aromatherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clove comes from the flower buds of the Syzygium aromaticum tree, while vinca is derived from the Catharanthus roseus plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxol, or paclitaxel, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat various cancers. It is derived from the bark of the Pacific yew tree.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eugenol is primarily sourced from clove oil, which contains about 70-90% eugenol. It is used for its analgesic and antiseptic properties in dentistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two resinous drugs are myrrh and benzoin. Myrrh is used in wound healing, while benzoin is used as a fixative in perfumes and incense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phytoconstituents are bioactive compounds derived from plants. Examples include flavonoids and alkaloids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citral is primarily sourced from lemon grass and lemon myrtle. It is used in flavoring and as a fragrance in perfumes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Podophyllotoxin is sourced from the roots and rhizomes of the American mandrake (Mayapple). It is primarily used as an anti-cancer agent and in the treatment of warts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flavonoids act as antioxidants and protect plants from UV radiation and pathogens. They also attract pollinators with their vibrant colors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential oils are concentrated plant extracts with aromatic properties. They are significant for their therapeutic uses, including anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lemon grass is used in traditional medicine for digestive issues and fever. One of its active components is Citral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Podophyllotoxin inhibits the enzyme topoisomerase II, which interferes with DNA replication and cell division in cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common structural features include aromatic rings, hydroxyl groups, and diverse functional groups that contribute to their biological activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HPLC, HPTLC, Gas Chromatography, and Liquid Chromatography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HPLC uses high pressure for separation and is a liquid technique, while HPTLC is planar and involves thin layers of stationary phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supercritical fluid extraction is a method that utilizes supercritical fluids, like CO2, to selectively extract compounds from materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged particles, like proteins or nucleic acids, in a gel under an electric field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extraction is the separation of a substance from a mixture, typically by using a solvent that selectively dissolves the desired compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HPTLC is used in quality control of pharmaceuticals, analysis of herbal products, and food safety testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a method for separating non-volatile mixtures, utilizing a thin layer of adsorbent material on a flat substrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas chromatography is commonly used for analyzing volatile organic compounds in air quality monitoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers