Metabolismo Humano e Vitaminas Solubilis in Aqua

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Questions and Answers

Quale de iste alimenta es considerato ricco in vitamina B12?

Noci

Carne (correct)

Frutta

Verdura

Que nutrientes può producir le flora intestinal?

Vitamina C

Vitamina K

Acido folico

Vitamina B12 (correct)

Quo que es un risico pro vegetarians strictes in relation a vitamina B12?

Un supply adeguate del vitamina

Un deficit del vitamina (correct)

Le production del vitamina in le intestinos

Un eccesso del vitamina

Quale fonte de nutriente non contine vitamina B12?

Legumine Signup and view all the answers

In qual de iste categoria de alimento non se trova vitamina B12?

Cereale Signup and view all the answers

Quale symptomatica es assotiata con le carentia de vitamina B1?

Disturbantias neurologic Signup and view all the answers

Quale patologia resulta de un deficit de vitamina B1?

Beribiri Signup and view all the answers

Quale de iste symptomatas non es associato con le beribiri?

Aumento de appetito Signup and view all the answers

Quale es un effecto potential de un deficit de vitamina B1?

Diminution de memoria Signup and view all the answers

Quale sistema del corpo es principalmente afectate per le beribiri?

Sisteme cardiac Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le function de folato in le metabolismo di C1?

Functionar come un coenzima Signup and view all the answers

Qual de le sequente non es un effetto del damage di phospholipid?

Incremente de energie cellular Signup and view all the answers

Que tipo de metabolismo involve folato?

Metabolismo di C1 Signup and view all the answers

Qual es le consequence principal del damage a phospholipid?

Disruption de function cellular Signup and view all the answers

In qual processos biologic folato es principalmente implicate?

Metabolismo di C1 Signup and view all the answers

Quo succede a causa de un deficiencia de folato?

Biosynthese de nucleotidos es perturbate. Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un modo in le que microorganismos differente de animales utiliza folato?

Synthesize folato de su proprie componentes. Signup and view all the answers

In qual area le deficiencia de folato have un effecte significative?

Biosynthese de nucleotidos. Signup and view all the answers

Quale carboxylase depende de biotina e es implicate in le metabolismo de pyruvate?

Pyruvate carboxylase Signup and view all the answers

Quo es le consequence de un deficiencia de folato in le metabolismo de amino acidos?

Le metabolismo es perturbate. Signup and view all the answers

Quando le blanc de huevo es consumite crude, quale vitamines es importante pro le function de carboxylases?

Biotina Signup and view all the answers

Qual statement super microorganismos e folato es ver?

Microorganismos pote crear folato de substancias interne. Signup and view all the answers

Quale de le sequente non es un carboxylase dependente de biotina?

Acetate carboxylase Signup and view all the answers

Quale proposito biotina ha in le metabolismo?

Participation in pathways synthetisante acidos grassos Signup and view all the answers

Quale effetto ha le consumo de blanc de huevo crude super le carboxylases dependente de biotina?

Inhibite le function de carboxylases Signup and view all the answers

Que indica la restriccion severe del movemento ocular horizontal?

Problemas neurologic Signup and view all the answers

Qual es un symptom significativamente associato con ataxia in le extremitates superior?

Disturbios del equilibrio Signup and view all the answers

In un examen, que significar un ataxia in ambos extremitates superiores?

Un disturbio de l'equilibrio Signup and view all the answers

Qual condition pote ocurrer con ambos symptom: restriccion del movemento ocular e ataxia?

Esclerosi multipla Signup and view all the answers

Que approccio diagnostic es appropriate quando observante restriccion ocular e ataxia?

Imaging neurologic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Metabolism

Biochemistry is the study of human metabolism.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency of cells.
The inner membrane of mitochondria is the site of oxidative phosphorylation, a process that generates ATP.

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin).
These vitamins are essential for various bodily functions.

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Thiamine is essential for proper nerve function and DNA/RNA formation.
Thiamine diphosphate (TPP) is the active form of thiamine, acting as a coenzyme in various reactions, including oxidative decarboxylation.
Insufficient thiamine can cause beriberi, characterized by neurological and cardiac issues.
Thiamine occurs in grain products, yeast products, and pork.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Riboflavin is a component of redox coenzymes flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).
FMN and FAD are cofactors for numerous oxidoreductases.
Deficiency can lead to corneal neovascularization, cheilosis, stomatitis, and a magenta-colored tongue.
Riboflavin is found in milk and eggs.

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Niacin is essential for steroid and red blood cell formation.
Niacin occurs as nicotinate and nicotinamide, forming NAD+ and NADP+, which are crucial in energy and nutrient metabolism.
Insufficient niacin can cause pellagra (characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia).
Meat, yeast products, fruits, and vegetables are sources of niacin.

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Pantothenic acid is an amide consisting of β-alanine and pantoic acid.
It's a precursor for coenzyme A (CoA), necessary for fatty acid, cholesterol, steroid hormone, and neurotransmitter synthesis.
CoA's role is acyl residue activation in lipid metabolism.
Deficiency symptoms resemble other B vitamin deficiencies, including irritability, fatigue, and apathy.

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form of vitamin B6, essential for amino acid metabolism.
Pyridoxine is involved in numerous reactions.
Low levels can cause seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, dental decay, glossitis, epilepsy, and neuropathy.
Meat, vegetables, and grain products contain pyridoxine.

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

Biotin is a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions, crucial for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis.
Deficiencies are rare due to widespread availability in food.
Egg whites contain avidin, which reduces biotin absorption if consumed raw.
Biotin is found in yeast products, legumes, and nuts.

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Cobalamin (B12) is a complex molecule with cobalt as the central atom.
B12 is a coenzyme essential for the synthesis and interconversion of methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA.
Deficiencies can lead to pernicious anemia due to impaired absorption (intrinsic factor deficiency).
Sources of B12 include liver, meat, eggs, and milk.

Folic Acid

Folate is a coenzyme in C1 metabolism, important for nucleotide synthesis and cell proliferation.
Folate deficiency can lead to various health issues, including anemia.
Sources of folate include fresh green vegetables and liver.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a reducing agent involved in collagen synthesis, tyrosine degradation, catecholamine synthesis, and bile acid biosynthesis.
Vitamin C enhances iron absorption; it's essential for connective tissue integrity and healing.

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Description

Este quiz aborda conceptos fundamentales de metabolismo humano, incluyendo a função das vitaminas solubilis in aqua como tiamina e riboflavina. Aprende sobre a importancia do ATP e como as vitaminas impactan a saúde do corpo humano. Avalia tus conhecimentos sobre a bioquímica esencial para o funcionamento do organismo.