Metabolism Overview Quiz

<p>Triglycerides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It hydrolyzes ester bonds in triglycerides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It denatures proteins, exposing peptide bonds for further hydrolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates the enzyme pepsinogen, converting it into the active form pepsin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small Intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>α-amylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They neutralize the acidic gastric content, creating a more favorable environment for other enzymes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stomach is the primary site for carbohydrate digestion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They emulsify dietary lipids, aiding in their digestion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It activates pancreatic enzymes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As inactive precursors called zymogens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of biological macromolecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixing ingested food and initiating digestion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Majority of digestion and absorption takes place here. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent premature digestion in the producing cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolic pathways break down large molecules, while anabolic pathways build up larger molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They involve different enzymes and require different energy inputs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile salts emulsify lipids, increasing their surface area for enzyme action. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric lipase hydrolyzes about 10% of triacylglycerols, producing fatty acids and monoacylglycerol. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates are digested by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, and then absorbed as monosaccharides into the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism.

The breakdown of large nutrient molecules into smaller ones, producing energy.

The production of biological macromolecules through biosynthesis, requiring energy.

A series of biochemical reactions that are not simple reversals of each other.

Control mechanisms like enzyme concentration, activity, and compartmentation.

The breakdown of food into absorbable components.

Inactive enzyme precursors secreted to prevent premature digestion.

Catalysts that help break down food, mostly secreted as zymogens.

An enzyme that hydrolyzes ester bonds to produce fatty acids and glycerol.

Small droplets formed from fatty acids, monoacylglycerol, and bile salts that aid in fat absorption.

Lipid transport particles that carry TAGs from intestinal cells to the bloodstream via lymphatic system.

Lipids formed in the liver that are crucial for nerve and brain tissue formation.

A type of phospholipid that helps transport fats to tissues and is important for brain health.

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol by lipase enzymes in the bloodstream.

Excess fats are stored in adipocytes, primarily located beneath the skin and around vital organs.

Adipose tissue protects against heat loss and mechanical shock while storing energy.

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the release of gastrin and activation of pepsinogen by HCl.

Secretin stimulates bicarbonate production and activates pancreatic enzymes in response to acidified proteins in the small intestine.

An enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into glucose.

An enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.

An enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose.

Glucose, galactose, and fructose are absorbed into the bloodstream.

An enzyme that hydrolyzes TAGs in the stomach into fatty acids and monoacylglycerol.

Digestive enzymes secreted in an inactive form called zymogens before activation.

Enzyme that digests proteins by breaking down peptide bonds.

Enzyme that digests fats by breaking down lipids into fatty acids.

Zymogens can be activated by pH changes or by specific enzymes like enteropeptidase.

Salivary enzyme that begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

The primary site for carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine.

Bile acids emulsify fats in the intestine to facilitate digestion and absorption.

Final carbohydrate digestion occurs on membranes of intestinal mucosal cells.