Anabolism, Catabolism, and Metabolism

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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between anabolism and catabolism?

Anabolism and catabolism both involve the breakdown of larger molecules.
Anabolism involves the breakdown of larger molecules, while catabolism involves the synthesis of larger molecules.
Anabolism and catabolism both involve the synthesis of larger molecules.
Anabolism involves the synthesis of larger molecules, while catabolism involves the breakdown of larger molecules. (correct)

Excess glucose in the body is directly eliminated through urine without being converted into glycogen or fat.

False (B)

What is the primary role of glucose in the body's metabolism?

Fuel for ATP production

The process by which triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids is called ______.

lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

Match each lipid with its primary function in the body:

Triglycerides = Fuel storage Phospholipids = Essential component of cell membranes Cholesterol = Stabilizes membranes and precursor of steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary dietary source of carbohydrates?

Dairy foods (C) Signup and view all the answers

The liver synthesizes approximately 25% of the body's cholesterol, while dietary intake accounts for the remaining 75%.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial metabolic pathway that glucose undergoes?

Glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP production from the electron transport chain (ETC) per glucose molecule?

28 ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions (no oxygen present)?

lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

In stage 3 of metabolism, H atoms are delivered to molecular oxygen to form ______.

water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is produced during each turn of the citric acid cycle?

1 ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of metabolism involves the breakdown of nutrients into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA?

Stage 2: Tissue Cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Match each nutrient with its absorbable unit after digestion:

Proteins = Amino acids Carbohydrates = Glucose and other sugars Fats = Glycerol and Fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

The electron transport chain can occur whether or not oxygen is present.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dietary sources is considered a complete protein, containing all needed essential amino acids?

Soybeans (B) Signup and view all the answers

If one essential amino acid is missing from the diet, the body can still efficiently synthesize proteins using the remaining amino acids.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Name the structural protein found in skin.

keratin Signup and view all the answers

__________ hormones, such as growth hormone (GH) and sex hormones, accelerate protein synthesis and growth.

anabolic Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids called?

Catabolism (A) Signup and view all the answers

In cellular respiration, which process is utilized by carbohydrates only and occurs in the cytosol of cells?

Glycolysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Glycolysis requires oxygen to convert glucose to pyruvic acid.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP production from one molecule of glucose undergoing glycolysis?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Why is lipid metabolism key for long-term energy storage and release?

Each fatty acid molecule produces a higher net ATP compared to a single glucose molecule. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Protein metabolism is the most efficient pathway for energy production.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called in which fatty acids are liberated?

lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

After fatty acids are liberated, they are converted to ______ and enter the citric acid cycle to be made into ATP.

acetyl CoA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following molecules with their metabolic fate, according to Figure 24.19:

Amino acids = Keto acids Glucose = Glucose-6-phosphate Fatty acids = Acetyl CoA Pyruvic acid = Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, if oxygen is not present, what is pyruvic acid converted into?

Lactic acid (B) Signup and view all the answers

The net ATP yield from glycolysis, through substrate-level phosphorylation, is 4 ATP.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many NADH + H+ molecules are produced from the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?

6 Signup and view all the answers

Triglyceride is composed of a glycerol backbone and three ______.

fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Match each process with its net ATP production method:

Glycolysis = Substrate-level phosphorylation Citric acid cycle = Substrate-level phosphorylation Electron transport chain = Oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate ATP yield per glucose molecule through oxidative phosphorylation?

About 28 ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

To generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced per FADH2 molecule in the electron transport chain?

1.5 Signup and view all the answers

Metabolism

The sum of all biochemical reactions inside a cell involving nutrients.

Anabolism

Reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones (synthesis).