Metabolism of Triacylglycerols and Fatty Acid Mobilization
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving a fatty acid from a triglyceride during lipolysis?

  • Glycerol kinase
  • Adenylate cyclase
  • Hormone-sensitive lipase (correct)
  • Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase

    • What is the fate of glycerol released during triacylglycerol degradation in adipose tissue?

  • Converted to ketone bodies in the bloodstream
  • Transported to the liver for phosphorylation (correct)
  • Stored within the adipose tissue for later use
  • Metabolized by adipocytes to produce energy

    • What happens to the free fatty acids released into the bloodstream during triacylglycerol degradation?

  • They are broken down by adipocytes for energy production
  • They are converted to glucose in the liver
  • They are stored in the adipose tissue for later use
  • They bind to serum albumin in the blood (correct)

    • Why do adipocytes lack the ability to metabolize the glycerol released during triacylglycerol degradation?

    <p>Due to the absence of glycerol kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is essential for carrying out β-oxidation of fatty acids?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones activate adenylate cyclase in adipose tissue, leading to the mobilization of stored fats?

    <p>Epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the carbon backbone reaction sequence during fatty acid degradation?

    <p>Oxidation to trans-∆2-Enoyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Malonyl-CoA on β-oxidation?

    <p>Inhibits β-oxidation by preventing transport of fats into the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a positive effector for regulating β-oxidation?

    <p>Low insulin and high glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Acyl CoA synthetase reaction in fatty acid activation?

    <p>Attachment of CoA to a fatty acid by using ATP hydrolysis energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During β-oxidation, the carbon backbone reaction sequence involves hydration to L–3–Hydroxylacyl CoA before oxidation to 3–Ketoacyl CoA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adipocytes have the ability to metabolize the glycerol released during triacylglycerol degradation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acyl CoA synthetase reaction occurs in the cytoplasm, and the resulting product, acyl-CoA, is directly transported into the mitochondrial matrix.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of insulin and low levels of glucagon are negative effectors for regulating β-oxidation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carnitine carries long-chain activated fatty acids out of the mitochondria for use as fuel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adipocytes can metabolize the glycerol released during TAG degradation because they have glycerol kinase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum solubility of fatty acid in blood is relatively high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycerol can be transported through the blood to the liver, where it can be phosphorylated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hormone-sensitive lipase cleaves a fatty acid from a triglyceride during lipolysis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine and norepinephrine inhibit the activation of adenylate cyclase in adipose tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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