18 Questions
Which nutrients are most important for protein synthesis?
Amino acids
What controls the process of protein synthesis that occurs on ribosomes?
Growth hormone
What happens to excess dietary proteins in the body?
Oxidized for energy
How are essential amino acids obtained for protein synthesis?
Acquired through the diet
What is the role of amino acids in protein metabolism?
Recycled into new proteins or different compounds
Which hormones control the synthesis of proteins?
Growth hormone, thyroid hormone, and sex hormones
Which type of proteins are found in animal products, soybeans, and considered complete proteins?
Structural proteins
What is the main function of keratin, collagen, and elastin in the body?
Serve as structural materials
According to the 'all-or-none rule' in protein synthesis, what must be present for protein synthesis to occur?
All essential amino acids
Inadequate intake of which nutrients causes proteins to be used as fuel instead of for synthesis?
Carbohydrates or fats
Which hormones promote protein breakdown and conversion of amino acids to glucose?
Glucocorticoids
What accelerates protein synthesis and growth in the body?
Anabolic hormones
What is the state called when the rate of protein synthesis equals the rate of breakdown and loss in the body?
Homeostatic balance
In which condition does protein synthesis exceed breakdown, as seen in normal children and pregnant women?
Positive nitrogen balance
What happens during a negative nitrogen balance?
Protein breakdown exceeds synthesis
What is the general daily intake rule for proteins based on body weight for individuals over 19 years old?
0.8 g per kg body weight
Which type of vitamins are absorbed with water, not stored in the body, and are excreted if not used within an hour?
Water-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin, when consumed in excess, can lead to health problems due to storage in the body?
Vitamin D
This quiz covers the breakdown of stored fats into glycerol and fatty acids, as well as the metabolism of proteins. Topics include the preference of fatty acids for fuel by the liver and muscles, the production of ketone bodies, and metabolic acidosis. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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