WK 12: Aetiology TSD Met Syndrome

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What is the primary function of the exocrine pancreas?

To regulate blood sugar levels

To secrete digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (correct)

To produce bile for digestion

To secrete hormones such as insulin and glucagon

What is the name of the cells that produce glucagon in the endocrine pancreas?

𝛽 cells

𝛿 cells

PP cells

𝛼 cells (correct)

What is the significance of waist-to-hip ratio in assessing obesity?

It determines the risk of cardiovascular disease

It is used to diagnose Type 2 Diabetes

It determines the distribution of adipose tissue and its metabolic implications (correct)

It measures the amount of visceral fat

What is the name of the duct that forms a common channel with the CBD?

Main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological origin of the pancreas?

From 2 buds of endoderm from the primitive duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the pancreas?

12-15 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese individuals?

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common bone and joint disorder associated with obesity?

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of supersaturation of bile with cholesterol in obese individuals?

Gallstones Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for obesity that can result in a weight loss of around 20-25%?

Surgery (gastric banding) Signup and view all the answers

In males, which of the following types of cancer is associated with obesity?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

In females, which of the following types of cancer is associated with obesity?

Endometrial cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible underlying cause of secondary hyperlipidaemia?

Anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can cause cholestasis?

Primary biliary cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a component of dietary advice for managing dyslipidaemia?

Reduce trans fat intake Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended lifestyle modification for managing dyslipidaemia?

Quitting smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications can cause secondary hyperlipidaemia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended daily limit for sodium intake in managing dyslipidaemia?

≤ 4g/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipids in the body?

To store energy in adipocytes and muscle cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the classification system used to categorize hyperlipidaemia?

Frederickson classification Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of dietary lipids are triglycerides?

Over 95% Signup and view all the answers

What are lipoproteins classified by?

Size and density Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the lipoprotein that is associated with increased cardiovascular risk?

LDL Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of elevated or abnormal levels of lipids or lipoproteins?

Hyperlipidaemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity for adults per week according to current recommendations?

150 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacotherapy for weight loss is a synthetic lipase inhibitor that blocks the digestion and absorption of around 30% of dietary fat in the stomach and small intestine?

Orlistat (Xenical™) Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle therapy for obesity involves reducing overall calorie consumption with a goal of 500-1000kcal/day reduction for weight loss?

Very Low Energy Diet (VLED) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of liraglutide (Saxenda®) and semaglutide (Ozempic®) in smaller doses in relation to weight loss?

Independent weight loss effect Signup and view all the answers

Which medication, combined with Topiramate in the US, increases catecholamine release and reduces hunger, leading to weight loss?

Phentermine Signup and view all the answers

What type of physical activity level is needed to lose and sustain weight loss according to the text?

High level (>300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week) Signup and view all the answers