module 3 - metabolic pathways
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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what is the primary cellular fuel for survival?

  • Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) (correct)
  • Fats
  • Polysaccharides
  • Proteins
  • Based on the text, where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

  • Intracellular space (correct)
  • Citric acid cycle
  • Extracellular space
  • Glycolysis
  • According to the text, what waste products are excreted during the citric acid cycle?

  • Fats
  • Unknown waste products (correct)
  • Polysaccharides
  • Proteins
  • Which type of inhibitor binds to the active site of an enzyme and competes with the substrate for binding?

    <p>Competitive inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do competitive inhibitors have on Vmax?

    <p>No effect on Vmax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do non-competitive inhibitors have on Km?

    <p>No effect on Km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of nerve gas?

    <p>Binding to hydroxyl group on serine amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an objective of metabolic pathways?

    <p>To produce ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic pathways?

    <p>Every pathway has a first committed step</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the net reaction for glycolysis?

    <p>Glucose + 2 Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+ -&gt; 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP +2NADH + 2H+ + 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a way that cells use to regulate metabolism?

    <p>Reversible enzyme inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a genetic disease that can influence metabolism?

    <p>Lactose intolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major metabolic pathway?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of compartmentalization in metabolism?

    <p>Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about glycogenesis?

    <p>Glycogenesis converts glucose to glycogen in the cytoplasm and is anabolic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lipolysis?

    <p>Lipolysis converts lipids to fatty acid and glycerol in the cytoplasm and is catabolic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lipogenesis?

    <p>Lipogenesis converts acetyl CoA to lipids in the cytoplasm and is anabolic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about fatty acid oxidation?

    <p>Fatty acid oxidation converts fatty acids to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria and is catabolic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Fuel and Metabolism

    • Glucose is the primary cellular fuel essential for survival.
    • Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria, where ATP is produced through electron transport and chemiosmosis.

    Waste Products and Enzyme Inhibition

    • The citric acid cycle excretes carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
    • Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing directly with the substrate for binding.
    • Competitive inhibitors do not affect Vmax but can increase Km, indicating a higher substrate concentration is required to reach half Vmax.

    Nerve Gas and Metabolic Pathways

    • Nerve gas functions primarily as an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, disrupting neurotransmission.
    • Objectives of metabolic pathways include energy production, biosynthesis, and regulation of metabolic flux.
    • Characteristics of metabolic pathways typically involve being regulated by enzymes and being interconnected.

    Glycolysis and Metabolic Regulation

    • A product of glycolysis is pyruvate, which can further undergo fermentation or enter the citric acid cycle.
    • The net reaction for glycolysis is the conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, yielding two ATP and two NADH.
    • Mechanisms NOT used by cells for regulating metabolism include random changes in metabolic rates without feedback.

    Genetic Diseases and Compartmentalization

    • Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an example of a genetic disease that impacts metabolism due to enzyme deficiencies.
    • Compartmentalization in metabolism can be exemplified by the presence of mitochondria and their role in energy metabolism.

    Glycogenesis, Lipolysis, and Fatty Acid Dynamics

    • Glycogenesis, the synthesis of glycogen from glucose, occurs primarily in liver and muscle cells during insulin response.
    • Lipolysis involves the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids, primarily stimulated by hormones during fasting or stress.
    • Lipogenesis refers to the conversion of excess carbohydrates into fat, occurring mainly in the liver and adipose tissue through insulin signaling.
    • Fatty acid oxidation is the metabolic pathway where fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on important metabolic pathways, including glycogenesis, the Krebs/citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Learn about the conversion of glucose to glycogen, the production of building blocks for biosynthesis, and other vital concepts. Perfect for preparing for exams!

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