30 Questions
What is the result of high rates of fatty acid oxidation in the liver?
Synthesis of Ketone Bodies
Where are Ketone Bodies formed?
Liver Mitochondria
What is the role of PKA in the metabolism of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols?
Phosphorylating hormone-sensitive lipase
What is the term for the three biosynthetically related products formed during ketogenesis?
Ketone Bodies
What is the function of monoacylglycerol lipase in the metabolism of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols?
Releasing FA from monoacylglycerols
What is the source of metabolic energy for other tissues?
Ketone Bodies
What is the primary fate of acetone in the body?
It is exhaled through the lungs
What is the role of oxaloacetate in the liver during carbohydrate starvation?
It is used for gluconeogenesis
What is the first step in ketogenesis?
Condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules
What is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA?
HMG-CoA synthase
What is the end product of HMG-CoA cleavage?
Acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA
What is the function of β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase?
To catalyze the interconversion of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate
What is the result of spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate?
Formation of acetone
What is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate?
β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
What is the result of high levels of glucagon in the body?
Increased production of β-hydroxybutyrate
What is the primary source of fuel for the heart and skeletal muscle during early stages of starvation?
Ketone bodies
What is the role of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the brain?
They serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids
How are ketone bodies utilized by extrahepatic tissues?
Through the conversion of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate and of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA
What is the primary function of ketoacyl-CoA-transferase in extra-hepatic tissues?
To utilize ketone bodies as a fuel source
What is the fate of fats in the liver when there is sufficient glycerol-3-phosphate?
They are turned into triacylglycerols
What regulates the level of fat oxidation in the liver?
Hormonal regulation through phosphorylation of ACC
What is the result of high demand for ATP in the liver?
Complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2
What is the effect of insulin on ACC?
It inhibits ACC
What is the primary source of ketone bodies during prolonged fasting and starvation?
The liver
What happens to the pH of the blood when ketone bodies increase?
It decreases
What is the effect of acidification of the blood on hemoglobin?
It impairs its ability to bind oxygen
What is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Fruity odor of breath
What is the relationship between ketone production and peripheral tissue oxidation?
Ketone production is more than peripheral tissue oxidation
What happens to glucose breakdown during diabetes mellitus?
It leads to ketogenesis
What is the term for the condition that occurs when ketone levels become too high?
Ketoacidosis
This quiz covers the overview of general metabolism, including glycolysis, fat oxidation, and ketogenesis. It also explores the role of epinephrine in activating hormone-sensitive lipase and the subsequent breakdown of fatty acids. Test your knowledge of metabolic pathways and their regulation!
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