Y1S2 006 III Biochem Metabolic Pathways and Hormone Regulation

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What is the result of high rates of fatty acid oxidation in the liver?

Increased TCA cycle capacity

Increased glycolysis

Decreased acetyl-CoA production

Synthesis of Ketone Bodies (correct)

Where are Ketone Bodies formed?

Liver Mitochondria (correct)

Brain Tissue

Muscle Tissue

Liver Cytosol

What is the role of PKA in the metabolism of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols?

Synthesizing Ketone Bodies

Phosphorylating hormone-sensitive lipase (correct)

Hydrolyzing FA from triacylglycerols

Regulating the TCA cycle

What is the term for the three biosynthetically related products formed during ketogenesis?

Ketone Bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of monoacylglycerol lipase in the metabolism of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols?

Releasing FA from monoacylglycerols Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of metabolic energy for other tissues?

Ketone Bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary fate of acetone in the body?

It is exhaled through the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxaloacetate in the liver during carbohydrate starvation?

It is used for gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in ketogenesis?

Condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetoacetyl-CoA to β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA?

HMG-CoA synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the end product of HMG-CoA cleavage?

Acetoacetate and acetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase?

To catalyze the interconversion of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate?

Formation of acetone Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of acetoacetate to β-hydroxybutyrate?

β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high levels of glucagon in the body?

Increased production of β-hydroxybutyrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of fuel for the heart and skeletal muscle during early stages of starvation?

Ketone bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate in the brain?

They serve as substrates for the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids Signup and view all the answers

How are ketone bodies utilized by extrahepatic tissues?

Through the conversion of β-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate and of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ketoacyl-CoA-transferase in extra-hepatic tissues?

To utilize ketone bodies as a fuel source Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of fats in the liver when there is sufficient glycerol-3-phosphate?

They are turned into triacylglycerols Signup and view all the answers

What regulates the level of fat oxidation in the liver?

Hormonal regulation through phosphorylation of ACC Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high demand for ATP in the liver?

Complete oxidation of acetyl-CoA to CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on ACC?

It inhibits ACC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of ketone bodies during prolonged fasting and starvation?

The liver Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH of the blood when ketone bodies increase?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acidification of the blood on hemoglobin?

It impairs its ability to bind oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Fruity odor of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between ketone production and peripheral tissue oxidation?

Ketone production is more than peripheral tissue oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What happens to glucose breakdown during diabetes mellitus?

It leads to ketogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition that occurs when ketone levels become too high?

Ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers