Metabolic Paths and General Metabolism Lecture 3 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary location where Ketone Bodies are formed?

  • Liver Cytoplasm
  • Muscle Cells
  • Liver Mitochondria (correct)
  • Adipose Tissue

    • What is the role of PKA in the breakdown of triacylglycerols?

  • Releases FA from monoacylglycerols
  • Inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase
  • Phosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase (correct)
  • Hydrolyzes FA from triacylglycerols

    • What is the primary function of Ketone Bodies?

  • To inhibit fatty acid oxidation
  • To synthesize triacylglycerols
  • To convert acetyl-CoA to acetoacetate
  • To provide metabolic energy (correct)

    • What is the result of high rates of fatty acid oxidation in the liver?

    <p>Generation of large amounts of acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for releasing FA from monoacylglycerols?

    <p>Monoacylglycerol lipase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the three biosynthetically related products formed during Ketogenesis?

    <p>Ketone Bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule can acetoacetate enzymatically convert to through the action of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase?

    <p>β-hydroxybutyrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic fate of acetoacetate when reacting with succinyl-CoA in mitochondria?

    <p>Succinate and acetoacetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the increased release of ketone bodies from the liver for use as fuel by tissues?

    <p>Low level of oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissues consume primarily ketone bodies to preserve glucose for use by the brain in the early stages of starvation?

    <p>Heart and skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major substrates can Acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate serve for in the biosynthesis of neonatal cerebral lipids?

    <p>Glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are ketone bodies utilized by extrahepatic tissues in the body?

    <p>Conversion of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for the reversal of the β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase reaction?

    <p>Succinyl-CoA transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the absence of Ketoacyl-CoA-Transferase in the liver?

    <p>Ensuring extra-hepatic tissues have access to Ketone Bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of fats when they enter the liver?

    <p>Esterified to glycerol in triacylglycerol production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone phosphorylates ACC, regulating the level of fat oxidation?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of Acetyl-CoA in the liver when the demand for ATP is high?

    <p>Further oxidation to CO2 in the TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the level of ketogenesis in the liver primarily controlled?

    <p>Phosphorylation of ACC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the small amount of acetone formed by nonenzymatic de-carboxylation of acetoacetate?

    <p>Most is exhaled through the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting or carbohydrate starvation, why is oxaloacetate depleted in the liver?

    <p>It is used for gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is acetyl-CoA prevented from entering the Krebs cycle during fasting or carbohydrate starvation?

    <p>Depletion of oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial product formed in ketogenesis from two acetyl-CoA molecules?

    <p>Acetoacetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of β-hydroxy-βmethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) during ketogenesis?

    <p>HMGCoA synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of the ketone bodies acetoacetate and β -hydroxybutyrate?

    <p>β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Reduced supply of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of acidic ketone bodies on hemoglobin?

    <p>Decreases oxygen binding capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ketones in urine?

    <p>A warning sign of diabetic ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy during exercise?

    <p>Fatty acid oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>A rapid increase in blood glucose levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and a healthy state?

    <p>Energy production from glucose vs. fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

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