Lecture 29 – Metabolic pathways and Glycolysis

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Questions and Answers

What was the significant discovery regarding respiration in the late 1800s?

  • It occurs only in aerobic conditions.
  • It is essential for life and can occur without O2. (correct)
  • It only occurs in plants.
  • It is a spontaneous process.

Who observed that fermentation is an enzymatic process in the late 1890s?

  • Harden and Young
  • Manasseina (correct)
  • Bucher brothers
  • Emden and Meyerhof

What did the Bucher brothers demonstrate regarding fermentation?

  • It requires oxygen.
  • It can occur in cell-free extracts. (correct)
  • It produces only alcohol.
  • It is a non-enzymatic process.

Which pathway is known as the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of zymase in fermentation?

<p>It is a non-dialysable large molecule required for fermentation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are enzymic cofactors?

<p>Non-protein substances required for enzyme activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Harden and Young conclude about phosphate in glycolysis?

<p>It is a limiting factor in the rate of glycolysis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of the in vitro approach to studying metabolism?

<p>Control over experimental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using an in vivo approach?

<p>There are many variables to consider. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of energy metabolism?

<p>Large to smaller molecules, Acetyl-CoA production, CO2 production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are metabolic pathways necessary?

<p>They enable gradual energy extraction from glucose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cofactors in metabolic pathways?

<p>They assist in electron transfer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP from one glucose molecule during glycolysis?

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of glycolysis?

<p>It is a linear pathway located in the cytosol. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the investment stage of glycolysis?

<p>ATP is consumed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In glycolysis, what is produced during the payout stage?

<p>4 ATP and 2 NADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is glycolysis regulated?

<p>By feedback inhibition and activation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme in glycolysis is regulated by feedback inhibition?

<p>Hexokinase (HK) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does phosphofructokinase (PFK) play in glycolysis?

<p>It is a key regulatory enzyme. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary product of glycolysis?

<p>Pyruvate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is a key electron carrier in glycolysis?

<p>NAD+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "catabolism" refer to?

<p>Breakdown of molecules for energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "anabolism" describe in metabolic processes?

<p>Synthesis of complex molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of irreversible steps in metabolic pathways?

<p>They act as control points for regulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What metabolic pathway produces ATP from glucose without oxygen?

<p>Glycolysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ATP considered an energy carrier?

<p>It undergoes hydrolysis to release energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What byproduct is generated from fermentation in yeast?

<p>Ethanol and CO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glycolysis contribute to biosynthetic pathways?

<p>By generating carbon skeletons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of all metabolic pathways?

<p>They involve multiple enzymes and intermediates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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