18 Questions
What is the primary reaction that occurs when CO2 dissolves in water?
CO2 reacts with H2O to form H2CO3
What is the effect of aspirin on the body initially?
It causes a metabolic alkalosis
What is the primary buffer system operating in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin buffer system
What is the primary outcome of the patient who ingested 50 aspirin tablets?
A severe metabolic acidosis
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the bicarbonate buffer system?
It accelerates the reaction of CO2 with H2O
What is the primary buffer system operating in all types of cells?
Phosphate buffer system
What happens when a strong acid, such as sulfuric acid, is added to a solution?
It dissociates completely into H+ ions and its conjugate base
What is the role of a buffer solution in a biological system?
To resist changes in pH when H+ or OH- are added
What is the Ka of an acid used to represent?
The tendency of the acid to dissociate and donate a H+
What would happen to the pKa of an ionizable group in a protein if it forms an ionic interaction with a negatively charged group?
It would decrease
Which of the following acids is a weak acid that partially dissociates in solution?
Acetoacetic acid
What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in the context of acid-base chemistry?
To calculate the dissociation constant of a weak acid
What is the primary reason for Dianne's increased breathing rate and depth?
To increase the pH of the blood by exhaling CO2
Why does a patient with severe anemia have a decreased capacity to utilize the bicarbonate buffer system?
The total amount of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells is decreased
What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells?
To convert CO2 into bicarbonate ions
What is the major source of metabolic acid in the body?
Carbon dioxide from cellular respiration
What is the primary mechanism by which the body excretes nonvolatile acid?
Through the kidneys by excreting excess hydrogen ions
What is the typical pH range of urine in a healthy individual?
Between 5.5 and 7.0
This quiz covers the different buffer systems in the human body, including the bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer system, hemoglobin buffer system, phosphate buffer system, and protein buffer system. Learn about the role of these systems in maintaining acid-base balance.
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