20 Questions
Which of the following is the primary mechanism for the development of respiratory acidosis?
Decreased respiratory drive leading to decreased CO2 clearance
In the distal renal tubule, which of the following processes is responsible for the excretion of excess H+ during metabolic acidosis?
Secretion of ammonium ions
What is the primary role of the medullary chemoreceptors in the control of ventilation?
To detect changes in arterial $CO_2$ levels and stimulate ventilation
Which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis leading to excessive ketone production
In a patient with respiratory acidosis, which of the following would be the appropriate treatment?
Increase ventilation to decrease $CO_2$ levels
Which of the following is a common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Saline administration
What is the primary compensatory mechanism for a metabolic acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?
Hyperkalemia
In metabolic acidosis, what is the role of the kidneys in compensating for acid-base disturbances?
Increased reabsorption of bicarbonate
What is the primary mechanism of compensation for a metabolic acidosis that occurs over hours to days?
Renal retention of bicarbonate
What is the primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
Decreased clearance of endogenous acids
In metabolic acidosis, what does the loss of bicarbonate primarily result from?
Renal tubular acidosis
What is the significance of the anion gap in metabolic acidosis?
It identifies unmeasured anions present in the body
How does aldosterone impact blood pressure in the context of acidosis?
Raises blood pressure by promoting sodium and water reabsorption
What does a widened anion gap in metabolic acidosis suggest?
Additional unmeasured anions in the body
What is the primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 65-year-old patient described in the text?
Respiratory acidosis due to COPD exacerbation
Which of the following best explains the acid-base disturbance in the 55-year-old patient described in the text?
Respiratory acidosis due to worsening of obstructive sleep apnea
What is the likely primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 22-year-old patient described in the text?
Respiratory alkalosis due to anxiety-induced hyperventilation
What is the primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 33-year-old patient described in the text?
Metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis
What is the likely primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 72-year-old patient described in the text?
Metabolic alkalosis due to diuretic therapy
Explore the causes and classification of metabolic acidosis, including unmeasured anions, anion gap, HAGMA, and NAGMA. Learn about common substances like lactate, ketones, urea, toxic alcohols, salicylates, and paracetamol that can lead to acidosis.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
