Metabolic Acidosis Causes and Classification

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Which of the following is the primary mechanism for the development of respiratory acidosis?

Decreased respiratory drive leading to decreased CO2 clearance (correct)

Impaired distal tubular function in the kidney

Decreased renal excretion of phosphoric acid and ammonium

Increased CO2 production due to hyperventilation

In the distal renal tubule, which of the following processes is responsible for the excretion of excess H+ during metabolic acidosis?

Resorption of phosphoric acid

Filtration of H+ ions

Secretion of ammonium ions (correct)

Reabsorption of bicarbonate

What is the primary role of the medullary chemoreceptors in the control of ventilation?

To detect changes in arterial $CO_2$ levels and stimulate ventilation (correct)

To detect changes in blood pH and stimulate ventilation

To detect changes in renal H+ excretion and stimulate ventilation

To detect changes in arterial $O_2$ levels and stimulate ventilation

Which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis leading to excessive ketone production Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with respiratory acidosis, which of the following would be the appropriate treatment?

Increase ventilation to decrease $CO_2$ levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Saline administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compensatory mechanism for a metabolic acidosis?

Increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

In metabolic acidosis, what is the role of the kidneys in compensating for acid-base disturbances?

Increased reabsorption of bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of compensation for a metabolic acidosis that occurs over hours to days?

Renal retention of bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Decreased clearance of endogenous acids Signup and view all the answers

In metabolic acidosis, what does the loss of bicarbonate primarily result from?

Renal tubular acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the anion gap in metabolic acidosis?

It identifies unmeasured anions present in the body Signup and view all the answers

How does aldosterone impact blood pressure in the context of acidosis?

Raises blood pressure by promoting sodium and water reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

What does a widened anion gap in metabolic acidosis suggest?

Additional unmeasured anions in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 65-year-old patient described in the text?

Respiratory acidosis due to COPD exacerbation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the acid-base disturbance in the 55-year-old patient described in the text?

Respiratory acidosis due to worsening of obstructive sleep apnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 22-year-old patient described in the text?

Respiratory alkalosis due to anxiety-induced hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 33-year-old patient described in the text?

Metabolic acidosis due to diabetic ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely primary cause of the acid-base disturbance in the 72-year-old patient described in the text?

Metabolic alkalosis due to diuretic therapy Signup and view all the answers