PHL333 Final Review
20 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of claims focus on the nature of morality instead of specific actions or rules?

  • Nihilism
  • Meta-ethical claims (correct)
  • Moral relativism
  • Moral objectivism

Moral objectivism asserts that moral facts exist independently of personal beliefs.

True (A)

What is the main assertion of moral relativism?

Moral facts depend on individual or cultural beliefs.

According to Prinz, the argument that cultures disagree about morality leads to the conclusion that morality is __________.

<p>relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Moral nihilism = Belief that there are no moral facts Moral relativism = Belief that morality varies with culture or individuals Moral objectivism = Belief in universal moral facts independent of belief Correspondence theory of truth = Truth based on correspondence with reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the coherence theory of truth?

<p>Truth is determined by the connections between beliefs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nihilists believe there are moral facts and that they can be known.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the denied variation argument in relation to morality?

<p>It assumes that variation in moral beliefs does not affect the truth of the premise or conclusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The argument that 'stealing is wrong' as an absolute rule exemplifies __________ variation.

<p>denied</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn if cultures have incompatible moral codes?

<p>Morality is subjective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Prinz argue about cultural moral codes?

<p>They can be incompatible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prinz's main argument is that morality is objective and the same across all cultures.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a premise that leads to an incorrect conclusion regarding gay marriage?

<p>Everything non-traditional is wrong</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Prinz, moral disagreement is not comparable to scientific disagreement because moral errors are __________.

<p>not corrected</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their relevant definitions:

<p>Morality = Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong Absolute morality = Morality that does not depend on context Relative morality = Morality that varies based on cultural context Prinz's argument = Morality is not objective but culturally relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause moral disagreement according to the content?

<p>Different value judgments among individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The argument 'gay marriage is not traditional, therefore gay marriage is wrong' is logically valid.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'convergence' imply in the context of morality and science?

<p>Different things becoming similar over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prinz believes that ___________ moral codes exist across different cultures.

<p>incompatible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects Prinz's position on scientific and moral errors?

<p>Scientific errors can be resolved with observation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meta-ethical Claims

Statements/questions about the nature of morality, not specific moral actions or rules.

Moral Objectivism

Moral facts exist independent of opinions/feelings.

Moral Relativism

Moral facts depend on people's thoughts/feelings.

Moral Nihilism

Belief that there are no moral facts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Objective

Based on observable facts, not personal feelings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subjective

Based on personal feelings or opinions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correspondence Theory of Truth

Truth is correspondence between thought and reality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Denied Variation Matters

The difference between premises and conclusions doesn't affect the argument.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Denied Variation

Ignoring the effect of differences in truth, arguments with different variables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Coherence Theory of Truth

Truth is how beliefs relate to each other.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incompatible Moral Codes

Different cultures or individuals holding conflicting or opposing moral ideas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Value Judgement

A statement expressing a belief or opinion about what is good or bad, right or wrong.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural Values

A societal system of beliefs about what is desirable, good, acceptable, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fact-Value Distinction

The difference between statements of objective reality (facts) and statements conveying beliefs or opinions about morality (values).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scientific Disagreement

Disagreements among scientists, often due to differing interpretations of observations or data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Objective Moral Facts

Moral principles that exist independently of cultural beliefs or individual opinions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Convergence in Science

The tendency for scientific understanding to align and become more consistent over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moral Convergence

The idea that moral viewpoints can show a pattern of agreement & similarity over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Meta-Ethical Claims

  • Statements or questions about morality (not specific actions)
  • Focuses on broad questions about ethics
  • Examples: What is the meaning of "good" or "bad"? Are moral values universal or subjective?

Moral Objectivism

  • Moral facts exist independently of opinions or feelings
  • Objective facts are based on observable evidence, not personal feelings

Subjective Morality

  • Moral judgments based on personal feelings or perspectives (e.g., "vanilla is the best ice cream flavor")

Objective Argument Example

  • Cultures might have conflicting moral codes
  • This incompatibility suggests morality isn't objective

Moral Relativism

  • Moral facts depend on individual perspectives or cultural norms
  • What is considered right or wrong varies based on context

Moral Nihilism

  • Belief that no moral facts exist

Relativism

  • Belief that moral judgments depend on context, culture, or individual perspective
  • Acknowledges differing beliefs can be true

Correspondence Theory of Truth

  • Truth is correspondence between thought and reality
  • Belief that matches reality is true

Coherence Theory of Truth

  • Truth is how beliefs and other truths are connected

Denied Variation Matters

  • Even if a premise is true, this doesn't necessarily mean the conclusion is true
  • This is used to argue that a cultural difference in morality does not mean morality is relative.

Denied Variation

  • Assumes that variation in differences does not affect the truth of a premise or conclusion
  • Example: stealing is always wrong, no matter the situation

Scientific Disagreement

  • Disagreement in science may be due to observations, instruments, etc
  • Moral disagreements are different, no evidence of convergence (agreement over time)
  • Different from scientific disagreements as there is no evidence of convergence

Convergence

  • Similar entities coming together over time

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Lecture Notes on Morality PDF

More Like This

Ethics and Moral Relativism Quiz
18 questions

Ethics and Moral Relativism Quiz

PraisingLyric avatar
PraisingLyric
Types of Relativism in Ethics
10 questions

Types of Relativism in Ethics

EarnestSapphire avatar
EarnestSapphire
Moral Relativism and Cultural Differences
6 questions

Moral Relativism and Cultural Differences

PeaceableBernoulli avatar
PeaceableBernoulli
Moral Philosophy: Relativism vs Realism
40 questions

Moral Philosophy: Relativism vs Realism

TopsTopology avatar
TopsTopology
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser