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Questions and Answers
What type of claims focus on the nature of morality instead of specific actions or rules?
What type of claims focus on the nature of morality instead of specific actions or rules?
Moral objectivism asserts that moral facts exist independently of personal beliefs.
Moral objectivism asserts that moral facts exist independently of personal beliefs.
True
What is the main assertion of moral relativism?
What is the main assertion of moral relativism?
Moral facts depend on individual or cultural beliefs.
According to Prinz, the argument that cultures disagree about morality leads to the conclusion that morality is __________.
According to Prinz, the argument that cultures disagree about morality leads to the conclusion that morality is __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following best describes the coherence theory of truth?
Which of the following best describes the coherence theory of truth?
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Nihilists believe there are moral facts and that they can be known.
Nihilists believe there are moral facts and that they can be known.
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What is the denied variation argument in relation to morality?
What is the denied variation argument in relation to morality?
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The argument that 'stealing is wrong' as an absolute rule exemplifies __________ variation.
The argument that 'stealing is wrong' as an absolute rule exemplifies __________ variation.
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What conclusion can be drawn if cultures have incompatible moral codes?
What conclusion can be drawn if cultures have incompatible moral codes?
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What does Prinz argue about cultural moral codes?
What does Prinz argue about cultural moral codes?
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Prinz's main argument is that morality is objective and the same across all cultures.
Prinz's main argument is that morality is objective and the same across all cultures.
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What is a premise that leads to an incorrect conclusion regarding gay marriage?
What is a premise that leads to an incorrect conclusion regarding gay marriage?
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According to Prinz, moral disagreement is not comparable to scientific disagreement because moral errors are __________.
According to Prinz, moral disagreement is not comparable to scientific disagreement because moral errors are __________.
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Match the following terms with their relevant definitions:
Match the following terms with their relevant definitions:
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What can cause moral disagreement according to the content?
What can cause moral disagreement according to the content?
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The argument 'gay marriage is not traditional, therefore gay marriage is wrong' is logically valid.
The argument 'gay marriage is not traditional, therefore gay marriage is wrong' is logically valid.
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What does the term 'convergence' imply in the context of morality and science?
What does the term 'convergence' imply in the context of morality and science?
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Prinz believes that ___________ moral codes exist across different cultures.
Prinz believes that ___________ moral codes exist across different cultures.
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Which of the following statements reflects Prinz's position on scientific and moral errors?
Which of the following statements reflects Prinz's position on scientific and moral errors?
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Study Notes
Meta-Ethical Claims
- Statements or questions about morality (not specific actions)
- Focuses on broad questions about ethics
- Examples: What is the meaning of "good" or "bad"? Are moral values universal or subjective?
Moral Objectivism
- Moral facts exist independently of opinions or feelings
- Objective facts are based on observable evidence, not personal feelings
Subjective Morality
- Moral judgments based on personal feelings or perspectives (e.g., "vanilla is the best ice cream flavor")
Objective Argument Example
- Cultures might have conflicting moral codes
- This incompatibility suggests morality isn't objective
Moral Relativism
- Moral facts depend on individual perspectives or cultural norms
- What is considered right or wrong varies based on context
Moral Nihilism
- Belief that no moral facts exist
Relativism
- Belief that moral judgments depend on context, culture, or individual perspective
- Acknowledges differing beliefs can be true
Correspondence Theory of Truth
- Truth is correspondence between thought and reality
- Belief that matches reality is true
Coherence Theory of Truth
- Truth is how beliefs and other truths are connected
Denied Variation Matters
- Even if a premise is true, this doesn't necessarily mean the conclusion is true
- This is used to argue that a cultural difference in morality does not mean morality is relative.
Denied Variation
- Assumes that variation in differences does not affect the truth of a premise or conclusion
- Example: stealing is always wrong, no matter the situation
Scientific Disagreement
- Disagreement in science may be due to observations, instruments, etc
- Moral disagreements are different, no evidence of convergence (agreement over time)
- Different from scientific disagreements as there is no evidence of convergence
Convergence
- Similar entities coming together over time
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