Mesna and Ifosfamide Quiz

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What is the second leading cause of death in America, after cardiovascular disease?

Respiratory diseases

Cancer (correct)

Diabetes

Stroke

What are the two types of chemotherapy mentioned as advances in cancer treatment over the last 100 years?

Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy

Immunotherapy and hormone therapy

Targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy

Cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted chemotherapy (correct)

How can cancer screening impact society?

It can lead to overdiagnosis in certain types of cancers (correct)

It has no significant impact on society

It can predict pre-cancerous lesions in all types of cancers

It can prevent the occurrence of pre-cancerous lesions

What is the main function of the RB checkpoint in the normal cell cycle progression?

To prevent cell cycle progression Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Rb gene does not work properly in the cell cycle progression?

The cell will progress to the S-phase even if it should not Signup and view all the answers

What impact do errors in DNA replication have on the activation of the P53 protein?

Errors in DNA replication enhance the activation of P53 protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that differentiates malignant cells from non-malignant cells?

Uncontrolled and abnormal growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomerase in cancer cells?

Adds back telomeres to allow for infinite replication Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is upregulated in many cancer cells and causes the growth of new blood vessels?

VEGF Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of tumor genetic changes in cancer cells?

Invasion and metastasis Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is found at the interphase between G1 and S phases and increases the chance of mutation during cell proliferation?

Rb Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a protective function against potentially dangerous cellular abnormalities?

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cancer cells is associated with the inability to repair DNA?

Genomic instability Signup and view all the answers

Which gene encodes for proteins that make cells grow and divide, and when mutated, can lead to increased cellular activity?

EGFR Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in disrupting DNA synthesis and replication?

Formation of DNA adducts Signup and view all the answers

Which toxic effect is unique to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide among alkylating agents?

Hemorrhagic cystitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of gene is TP53 in the context of cancer development?

Tumor suppressor gene Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark characteristic of cancer may develop without mutational changes?

Nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming Signup and view all the answers

What is the main metabolite responsible for the development of cyclo-/ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

Acrolein Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used to mitigate acrolein-induced toxicity by mimicking glutathione?

Mesna Signup and view all the answers

What is the main strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?

Administering IV fluids with normal saline pre- and post-cisplatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

Inhibition of key enzyme in the folate pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leucovorin as it pertains to high dose methotrexate?

Rescuing healthy cells without rescuing cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique toxicity associated with platinum (Cisplatin) agents?

Gonadal toxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Leucovorin in the presence of high-dose methotrexate (MTX)?

Bypassing the inhibited DHFR enzyme Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the bio-activation of capecitabine?

Carboxylesterases Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacogenetic determinant of 5-FU/capecitabine toxicity that leads to life-threatening toxicity in individuals with deficiency?

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) Signup and view all the answers

What are the hallmark toxicities of cytarabine and gemcitabine, respectively?

Mucositis; Alopecia Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of purine analogs in inhibiting DNA synthesis?

Interfering with purine biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why purine analogs increase the risk of opportunistic infections?

Inhibiting purine biosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which purine analog requires prophylactic antimicrobials?

Fludarabine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction is associated with purine analogs?

Allopurinol increases myelosuppression of 6MP Signup and view all the answers

Which microtubule inhibitor causes hypersensitivity reactions related to its diluent?

Docetaxel (Taxotere) Signup and view all the answers

What unique toxicity is associated with vincristine?

Constipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique step required to prepare and administer paclitaxel (Taxol)?

Use of a special tubing Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name for docetaxel?

Taxotere Signup and view all the answers

What is the conventional maximum dose of vincristine?

2mg/dose Signup and view all the answers

What are the unique toxicities of topoisomerase I inhibitors?

'Cholinergic storm', bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

How can toxicities from topoisomerase I inhibitors be limited or treated?

[[Atropine 0.25 to 1mg IV, loperamide 4mg initially]] Signup and view all the answers

What are the pharmacokinetic predictors of effect to topoisomerase I inhibitors?

[[Metabolized by CYP3A4 into two inactive metabolites]] Signup and view all the answers