Mesna and Ifosfamide Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the second leading cause of death in America, after cardiovascular disease?

  • Respiratory diseases
  • Cancer (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Stroke

What are the two types of chemotherapy mentioned as advances in cancer treatment over the last 100 years?

  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation therapy
  • Immunotherapy and hormone therapy
  • Targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted chemotherapy (correct)

How can cancer screening impact society?

  • It can lead to overdiagnosis in certain types of cancers (correct)
  • It has no significant impact on society
  • It can predict pre-cancerous lesions in all types of cancers
  • It can prevent the occurrence of pre-cancerous lesions

What is the main function of the RB checkpoint in the normal cell cycle progression?

<p>To prevent cell cycle progression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the Rb gene does not work properly in the cell cycle progression?

<p>The cell will progress to the S-phase even if it should not (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact do errors in DNA replication have on the activation of the P53 protein?

<p>Errors in DNA replication enhance the activation of P53 protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic that differentiates malignant cells from non-malignant cells?

<p>Uncontrolled and abnormal growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of telomerase in cancer cells?

<p>Adds back telomeres to allow for infinite replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is upregulated in many cancer cells and causes the growth of new blood vessels?

<p>VEGF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of tumor genetic changes in cancer cells?

<p>Invasion and metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene mutation is found at the interphase between G1 and S phases and increases the chance of mutation during cell proliferation?

<p>Rb (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as a protective function against potentially dangerous cellular abnormalities?

<p>Programmed cell death (apoptosis) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of cancer cells is associated with the inability to repair DNA?

<p>Genomic instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gene encodes for proteins that make cells grow and divide, and when mutated, can lead to increased cellular activity?

<p>EGFR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in disrupting DNA synthesis and replication?

<p>Formation of DNA adducts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxic effect is unique to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide among alkylating agents?

<p>Hemorrhagic cystitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gene is TP53 in the context of cancer development?

<p>Tumor suppressor gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark characteristic of cancer may develop without mutational changes?

<p>Nonmutational epigenetic reprogramming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main metabolite responsible for the development of cyclo-/ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis?

<p>Acrolein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can be used to mitigate acrolein-induced toxicity by mimicking glutathione?

<p>Mesna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main strategy for preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?

<p>Administering IV fluids with normal saline pre- and post-cisplatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of methotrexate?

<p>Inhibition of key enzyme in the folate pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leucovorin as it pertains to high dose methotrexate?

<p>Rescuing healthy cells without rescuing cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique toxicity associated with platinum (Cisplatin) agents?

<p>Gonadal toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Leucovorin in the presence of high-dose methotrexate (MTX)?

<p>Bypassing the inhibited DHFR enzyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the bio-activation of capecitabine?

<p>Carboxylesterases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacogenetic determinant of 5-FU/capecitabine toxicity that leads to life-threatening toxicity in individuals with deficiency?

<p>Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the hallmark toxicities of cytarabine and gemcitabine, respectively?

<p>Mucositis; Alopecia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of purine analogs in inhibiting DNA synthesis?

<p>Interfering with purine biosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why purine analogs increase the risk of opportunistic infections?

<p>Inhibiting purine biosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which purine analog requires prophylactic antimicrobials?

<p>Fludarabine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction is associated with purine analogs?

<p>Allopurinol increases myelosuppression of 6MP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microtubule inhibitor causes hypersensitivity reactions related to its diluent?

<p>Docetaxel (Taxotere) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique toxicity is associated with vincristine?

<p>Constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique step required to prepare and administer paclitaxel (Taxol)?

<p>Use of a special tubing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the brand name for docetaxel?

<p>Taxotere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the conventional maximum dose of vincristine?

<p>2mg/dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the unique toxicities of topoisomerase I inhibitors?

<p>'Cholinergic storm', bone marrow suppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can toxicities from topoisomerase I inhibitors be limited or treated?

<p>[[Atropine 0.25 to 1mg IV, loperamide 4mg initially]] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the pharmacokinetic predictors of effect to topoisomerase I inhibitors?

<p>[[Metabolized by CYP3A4 into two inactive metabolites]] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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